German ethnologist. Known as the father of ethnology. A representative scholar of the early days of ethnology, his main achievements are (1) traveling around the world, (2) establishing the Berlin Museum of Ethnology as a research institute and participating in the publication of the Journal of Ethnology, and (3) proposing the concepts of primitive thought and ethnic thought to explain the similarities and differences in cultures around the world. During his many research trips, Bastian collected museum specimens, wrote travelogues, and called on people to urgently investigate primitive cultures that were on the verge of disappearance. He wrote many books, but his writing style was difficult to understand, and this became even more severe in his later years as his metaphysical tendencies became stronger. Although Bastian himself was not an evolutionist, his theory of primitive thought, which states that similar systems and customs arise in different places because human psychology is basically the same, was welcomed as a theory supporting the theory of cultural evolution. [Taro Obayashi December 13, 2018] "On the Thai Studies of Bastian by Obayashi Taryo" (Collection of Essays in Commemoration of the 60th Birthday of Professor Ishida Eiichiro, 1964, Kadokawa Shoten) [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの民族学者。民族学の父とよばれる。民族学の草創期の代表的な学者で、その功績は、〔1〕世界各地を調査旅行したこと、〔2〕ベルリン民族学博物館を研究機関として設立し、『民族学雑誌』の発刊に参与したこと、〔3〕世界各地における文化の一致と相違を説明するため、原質思念と民族思念という概念を提出したこと、がおもなものである。バスティアンはその多くの調査旅行において、博物館標本を集め、旅行記を残し、また消滅しようとしている未開文化を緊急に調査するように人々に呼びかけた。著書は多いが、文体は難解で、ことに晩年、形而上(けいじじょう)学的傾向が強まるにつれて、いっそう甚だしくなった。バスティアン自身は進化論者ではなかったが、人類の心理が基本的には同一なため、各地で類似した制度、習俗が発生するという原質思念の説は、文化進化論を支える理論として歓迎された。 [大林太良 2018年12月13日] 『大林太良著「BASTIANのタイ研究について」(『石田英一郎教授還暦記念論文集』所収・1964・角川書店)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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