Kumoi Choshi - Kumoi Choshi

Japanese: 雲井調子 - くもいぢょうし

The name of the tuning of the common koto. Tuned to the intone scale from the 2nd string onwards. The 1st string is tuned to the same pitch as the 5th string or one octave lower. Usually, the 3rd and 8th strings in the flat tuning are tuned a semitone lower, and the 4th and 9th strings are tuned one tone lower. Therefore, the kin string (the 13th string) is not an octave higher than the 8th string, but remains one semitone higher than the octave. This tuning, which is also a semitone lower and one octave higher than the 8th string, is called Honkumoi tuning, and was first used in the koto group song "Kumoi no Kyoku" composed by Yatsuhashi Kengyo. The Hira-jyo tuning with only the 8th string lowered by a semitone and only the 9th string raised by one tone is called Hankumoi-cho in the Ikuta school and Kata-kumoi-cho in the Yamada school, while the Hira-jyo tuning with the 8th string lowered by a semitone and the 4th and 9th strings raised by one tone is called Shiagari Hankumoi or Kata-kumoi in the Ikuta school and Hankumoi-cho in the Yamada school. Also, the Kumoi-cho tuning with the 6th string and To (11th string) raised by one tone is called Futatsu-kumoi in the Ikuta school and Han-iwato or Yugane-cho, while the tuning with the 5th and 10th strings lowered by a semitone is sometimes called Futatsu-kumoi in the Ikuta school and Iwato-cho in the Yamada school.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

俗箏の調弦名称。第2弦から陰音階に調弦したもの。第1弦は第5弦と同音または1オクターブ下にとる。普通は平調子の第3・第8弦を半音下げ，第4・第9弦を1音下げて調弦する。したがって，巾 (きん) の弦 (第 13弦) は第8弦とオクターブにはならず，1オクターブよりも半音高いままである。この巾も半音下げ，第8弦と1オクターブにしたものを特に本雲井調子といい，八橋検校作曲の箏組歌『雲井の曲』に用いられたのを初めとする。平調子の第8弦だけを半音下げ，第9弦だけを1音上げたものは，生田流で半雲井調子，山田流で片雲井調子といい，平調子の第8弦を半音下げ，第4・第9弦を1音上げたものは，生田流で四上り半雲井または片雲井，山田流では半雲井調子という。また，雲井調子の第6弦と斗 (第 11弦) とを1音上げたものを生田流では二重雲井，山田流では半岩戸または夕鐘調子というが，その第5弦と第 10弦とを半音下げたものを，生田流で二重雲井，山田流で岩戸調子ということもある。

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