Gusmão (English spelling) José Alexandre (Xanana)

Japanese: グスマン(英語表記)Gusmão ,José Alexandre(Xanana)
Gusmão (English spelling) José Alexandre (Xanana)
Born June 20, 1946, East Timor. Manatuto was the first president of East Timor. After studying at a Jesuit seminary, he tried a number of jobs. In 1975, he joined the Revolutionary Front for an Independence of East Timor (FRETILIN) and launched a resistance movement against Indonesia, which annexed East Timor by force after the end of Portuguese colonial rule. In 1981, he became commander of the National Liberation Army of East Timor (FALINTIL), the military wing of FRETILIN, and in 1986, he organized the Maubere National Council (CNRM), an umbrella organization for the independence movement, and became its chairman. In 1992, he was captured and imprisoned by the Indonesian army. In 1998, while in prison, he became chairman of the National Resistance Council of East Timor (CNRT), which changed the name to CNRM. He was released after East Timor held a referendum on independence in 1999. He was elected president in April 2002 under the United Nations Transitional Administration, and took office on May 20, when East Timor officially gained independence. In 1998, he was awarded the Sakharov Prize for Human Rights.

Guzman
Guzman, Martin Luis

Born: October 6, 1887. Chihuahua
[Died] December 22, 1976, Mexico City. Mexican novelist. Known for El águila y la serpiente (1928) (The Eagle and the Serpent), which is based on the 1910 Revolution, La sombra del Caudillo (29) (The Shadow of the Leader), and Memorias de Pancho Villa (40) (Memoirs of Pancho Villa).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1946.6.20. 東ティモール,マナトゥト
東ティモールの初代大統領。イエズス会系の神学校で学んだのち,数々の職業を経験する。 1975年東ティモール独立革命戦線 (FRETILIN) に加わり,ポルトガルの植民地支配終了後東ティモールを武力併合したインドネシアに対し抵抗運動を繰り広げる。 1981年 FRETILINの軍事部門である東ティモール民族解放軍 (FALINTIL) 司令官に,1986年には独立運動の統合組織であるマウベレ民族評議会 CNRMを組織し議長に就任する。 1992年インドネシア軍に捕えられ投獄。 1998年獄中で CNRM改め,東ティモール民族抵抗評議会 (CNRT) の議長に就任。 1999年東ティモールで独立の是非を問う住民投票が行なわれたのち釈放される。国際連合暫定統治下の 2002年4月大統領選挙に当選し,東ティモールが正式に独立した5月 20日に就任した。 1998年サハロフ人権賞受賞。

グスマン
Guzmán, Martín Luis

[生]1887.10.6. チワワ
[没]1976.12.22. メキシコシティー
メキシコの小説家。 1910年革命に材を求めた『鷲と蛇』 El águila y la serpiente (1928) ,『首領の影』 La sombra del Caudillo (29) ,『パンチョ・ビーヤの回想』 Memorias de Pancho Villa (40) などで知られている。

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