A Turkish dynasty in Iran (1736-96). In the early 18th century, when the Safavid dynasty was declining due to the invasion of Afghans and the offensives of the Ottoman Empire and Russia, Nadir Quli of the Afsharid tribe succeeded in driving the foreign enemies out of the country, and took the name Nadir Shah and ascended to the Iranian throne (reigned 36-47), founding the Afsharid dynasty. He then conquered Afghanistan and invaded Delhi, the capital of the Mughal Empire. He also subjugated the Uzbeks of Turkestan, but was assassinated in 1747 in a battle at Khorasan. After his death, the Afsharid dynasty began to decline, and while the Zand dynasty continued to rule Iran, it managed to survive by ruling the Khorasan region under the sovereignty of the Afghan Durrani dynasty, but was destroyed by Agha Muhammad of the Qajar dynasty, who overthrew the Zand dynasty in 96. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イランのトルコ系王朝 (1736~96) 。 18世紀初め,サファビー朝がアフガン族の侵入やオスマン帝国とロシアの攻勢の前に衰えたとき,外敵を国外に駆逐するのに成功したアフシャール族のナーディル・クリーは,ナーディル・シャーと号してイランの帝位につき (在位 36~47) ,アフシャール朝を開いた。次いで彼はアフガニスタンを攻略し,ムガル帝国の首都デリーに遠征。さらにトルキスタンのウズベク族をも従えたが,1747年ホラサンの陣中で暗殺された。彼の死後アフシャール朝は衰えはじめ,イランにザンド朝支配が続く間アフガン系ドゥラーニー朝の主権下に,からくも余命を保ちつつホラサン地方を統治したが,96年ザンド朝を倒したカージャール朝のアーガー・ムハンマドによって滅ぼされた。
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