Kuawase - Kuawase

In this contest, two haiku are lined up side by side to compete with each other, and the winner is decided and recorded. It is modeled after a poetry contest and was mainly held during the Edo period. The judge is called a judge, and the better haiku is declared the winner and the draw is declared the winner. A hankoto (commentary) explaining the reason for the decision is also included. Some hankoto are simple short comments, but some are literary criticism or are a type of literary expression in themselves. A pair of two haiku is called ichiban (first), and many dozens of kuai are grouped together. The oldest published work is Haikaiawase (1656) judged by Kitamura Kigin, and Basho's first published work Kai ohohi (1672) was also a kuai. Basho's disciples had many poets who wrote poetry combinations, and among the best known are Kikaku's "Inaka no Kuawase" (Countryside Kuawase) (1680) and Sugikaze's "Tokiwaya no Kuawase" (1680).

[Yamashita Kazumi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

俳句2句を左右に並べて優劣を競い、勝ち負けを決め、記録したもの。歌合に倣ったもので、主として江戸時代に行われた。判定する人を判者(はんじゃ)といい、優れた句を勝ち、引き分けを持(じ)とし、判定理由を示す判詞を添えた。判詞は単純な寸評もあるが、文芸批評といえるようなものや、それ自体が一種の文芸的表現となっているものもある。1組の2句を一番といい、数十番の句合がひとまとまりとなっていることが多い。北村季吟判による『俳諧合(はいかいあわせ)』（1656）が、刊行されたものとしてはもっとも古く、芭蕉(ばしょう)の処女出版『貝おほひ』（1672）も句合である。芭蕉の門下には句合が多く、其角(きかく)の『田舎句合(いなかのくあわせ)』（1680）、杉風(さんぷう)の『常盤屋句合(ときわやのくあわせ)』（1680）がよく知られている。

［山下一海］

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