A mathematical term. It is a generalization of the disk V ε ={ x || x - P|<ε} of radius ε (ε>0) centered at a point P. If T is the topology of a topological space S and P∈S , then a subset V of S is called a neighborhood of a point P if it satisfies the following condition: (1) If P∈ S then P∈ V (2) There exists a U ∈ T such that P∈ U ⊂ V. The set of neighborhoods of a point P is called the neighborhood system of P. In particular, if an open set contains P (i.e., if a set belonging to topology T contains P), this open set is of course a neighborhood of P. This is called an open neighborhood. Previously, only open neighborhoods were called neighborhoods, but recently closed neighborhoods are often used and are not necessarily limited to open sets. The set of all neighborhoods of P is represented by V (P), and this is called the total neighborhood system of P. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
数学用語。点 P を中心とする,半径 ε(ε>0) の円板 Vε={x||x-P|<ε} を一般化したものである。位相空間 S の位相を T ,また P∈S とするとき,S の部分集合 V が次の条件を満足するとき,この V を点 P の近傍という。 (1) P∈S ならば P∈V である (2) P∈U⊂V となるような U∈T が存在する また,点 P の近傍の集合を P の近傍系という。特に開集合が P を含めば (すなわち位相 T に属する集合が P を含めば) ,この開集合はもちろん P の近傍である。これを開近傍という。以前は,開近傍のみを近傍と呼んだが,最近では閉近傍をよく使い,必ずしも開集合に限定しない。 P の近傍全体の集合を V(P) で表わし,これを P の全近傍系という。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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