Hometown system

Local administrative divisions in the first half of the 8th century. The Kunigun-gori system established by the Taiho Code (Taiho Code) was modeled on the Tang Dynasty's Prefecture-gori system and was changed to the Kunigun-gori system. The Izumo no Kuni Fudoki (Izumo Province Topography) states, "In the first year of the Reiki era, the system was changed from ri to go." In 715 (the first year of the Reiki era), ri (1 ri = 50 households) was made into go, and go was divided into 2 or 3 new ri, with go chiefs and risei (village governors) appointed. The implementation of the gori system was related to the division of village households (goko) into house households (boko), and goko is also considered to be the component unit of go, and house households are also considered to be the component unit of ri.

The aim of the Gori system was clearly to strengthen control over peasants, regardless of whether it was simply to subdivide administrative units or to organize natural villages into villages under the Gori system. The Gori system was also abolished in 739-740 (Tenpyo 11-12) and replaced by the Kuni-gun-go system.

[Ken Omachi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

8世紀前半の地方行政区画。大宝律令(たいほうりつりょう)によって定められた国郡里制を、唐の州県郷里制に倣って国郡郷里制としたもの。『出雲国風土記(いずものくにふどき)』に「依霊亀元年式。改里為郷」とあり、715年（霊亀1）に里（1里＝50戸）を郷とし、郷を新たに2、3の里に分割し、郷長、里正(りせい)を置いた。郷里制施行は、郷戸(ごうこ)の房戸(ぼうこ)への分割と関連し、郷戸は郷の、房戸は里の構成単位ともされる。

　郷里制のねらいは、行政単位の単なる細分化か、あるいは、自然村落を郷里制の里として編成しようとしたものかなどは別として、農民把握の強化にあったことは明らかである。郷里制も、739～740年（天平11～12）には廃止され、国郡郷制となった。

［大町　健］

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