Premature maturity - premature maturity

Japanese: 早熟 - そうじゅく(英語表記)prematurity
Premature maturity - premature maturity

The state of developing mentally and physically faster than average, or of reaching a certain stage of development or acquiring a certain ability earlier than others. Precociousness can be applied to individuals and species alike. For example, nest-loving birds, which follow their parents immediately after hatching, are said to be precocious compared to resident species.

[Tamotsu Fujinaga]

Cause

There are two possible causes of precocious maturation. One is individual factors, and some people reach the peak of their development faster than average. If the growth rate of height, weight, etc. after birth is plotted on a graph by year (development rate curve), it shows a unique pattern in which it is very large in the first year, then declines, and then rises sharply again in adolescence, then declines again, and gradually approaches zero. If we look at this on an individual basis, there are cases where this pattern is achieved in an extremely short period of time and cases where it takes a long time. The former is precocious maturation and the latter is late maturation. In the case of height, growth usually stops at about 18 years, but in precocious people it is about 16 years, and in late people it is about 20 years, so there is a maximum difference of about 4 years. If we take the same age until growth reaches zero, the former has a better physique and is more mature than the latter, but there is no difference after reaching full growth. Therefore, precocious and late maturation are temporary phenomena and cannot be said to be desirable or pessimistic. It is important to teach them while being aware of their characteristics. The second factor is social and cultural. In developed countries, it is observed that the more urbanized an area is, the earlier the age at which adolescents reach sexual maturity. This is called the "accelerated development phenomenon." Compared to previous generations, they are seen to be physically superior and more mature than their counterparts of the same age until they reach the peak of their growth. This can be called generational precocity. As a special factor, sports and other training are said to promote the secretion of growth hormone, which has the effect of extending the age of maturity.

[Tamotsu Fujinaga]

[References] | Growth hormone | Development | Accelerated development phenomenon

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

平均に比して心身の発達が早いこと、また、他者より早くある成長段階に達したり、ある能力を備えるようになった状態。早熟は、個体についても種についても同様に適用される。たとえば、孵化(ふか)後すぐ親のあとを追尾して歩く離巣性の鳥類は、留巣(りゅうそう)性の種に比べて早熟(早成)性であるという。

[藤永 保]

原因

早熟の原因は二つ考えられる。一つは個体的要因であり、発達の頂点に達する速度が体質的に平均より早い人がある。出生後の身長、体重などの伸びを年次ごとにグラフにかくと(発達速度曲線)、初年次はきわめて大きく、以後低下し、青年期に至ってふたたび急激に上昇してまた低下し、しだいにゼロに近づくという特有のパターンを示す。これを個人別にみると、きわめて短期間にこのパターンを達成する場合と、長期を要する場合とがある。前者が早熟、後者が晩熟である。身長の場合、普通は約18年で成長が止まるが、早熟の人は約16年、また晩熟の人は約20年であり、最大4年間くらいの差がある。伸びがゼロに達するまでの同一年齢をとると、前者は後者より体位が勝り大人びているが、成長しきったあとは変わりがなくなる。したがって早熟、晩熟は一過性の現象で、望ましいとも悲観的ともいえない。その特性を心得ての指導が肝心である。第二の要因は社会・文化的なものである。いわゆる先進国では都市化の進んだ地域ほど、青年の性的成熟に達する年齢が早期化することが認められる。これを「発達加速現象」とよぶ。前世代に比べると、成長の頂点に達するまでは、同一年齢では体位も勝り大人びていることがみられる。これは世代的早熟とでもいえよう。特殊な要因としては、スポーツなどの訓練は成長ホルモンの分泌を促し、成熟年齢を延長する効果があるといわれる。

[藤永 保]

[参照項目] | 成長ホルモン | 発達 | 発達加速現象

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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