Inhalation therapy - moxibustion

Japanese: 吸入療法 - きゅうにゅうりょうほう
Inhalation therapy - moxibustion

A method of treating respiratory diseases in which fine particles of medicine, steam, oxygen, etc. are inhaled through the airways. It has been shown to have a rapid effect in relieving dyspnea and producing expectorant phlegm. In a broad sense, it includes oxygen inhalation therapy, humidification therapy, aerosol inhalation therapy, and IPPB (intermittent positive pressure airway) therapy, but in the narrow sense, inhalation therapy refers to the latter two. Oxygen inhalation therapy is a method of administering high concentrations of oxygen to increase the oxygen concentration in arterial blood. Humidification therapy involves inhaling water as an aerosol (fine water droplets, also known as aerosol or aerosol).

[Tomoyuki Yamaguchi]

Aerosol inhalation therapy

This method involves spraying and inhaling a drug dissolved in liquid into the bronchi as an aerosol. Nebulizers include jet nebulizers, ultrasonic nebulizers, metered dose inhalers, and dry powder inhalers. Normally, particles with a diameter of 0.5 to 3.0 micrometers are considered optimal for delivering drugs evenly to the periphery of the lungs. The size of particles from portable nebulizers is about 3 to 10 micrometers, which is why they are most commonly distributed in the upper respiratory tract. Ultrasonic nebulizer particles are 1 to 5 micrometers in size and are uniform, making them effective for delivering large amounts of aerosol to the peripheral airways.

The advantage of inhaling drugs as an aerosol is that a higher concentration of the drug can be delivered locally compared to systemic administration (oral or injection), which means that inhalation therapy is superior in terms of rapidity of action. Indications include mild to moderate asthma attacks, nasal allergies, and sinusitis.

[Tomoyuki Yamaguchi]

[References] | Inhalers | Difficulty breathing | Oxygen therapy

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

呼吸器疾患の治療法の一つで、微粒子化した薬剤、蒸気、酸素などを気道より吸入させる方法をいう。呼吸困難の緩解、去痰(きょたん)効果に速効性が認められている。広義には酸素吸入療法、加湿療法、エアゾール吸入療法、IPPB(間欠的陽圧呼吸)療法が含まれるが、狭義の吸入療法は後半の二者を意味する。酸素吸入療法は、動脈血酸素濃度を高めるために高濃度の酸素を投与する方法である。また加湿療法は、水をエアゾール(細かい粒子の水滴。エアロゾル、エーロゾルとも)として吸入させるものである。

[山口智道]

エアゾール吸入療法

液体中に溶解した薬品をエアゾールとして気管支に噴霧吸入させる方法で、ネブライザーnebulizer(噴霧器)にはジェットネブライザー、超音波ネブライザー、定量噴霧式吸入器、ドライパウダー吸入器等がある。通常、肺の末梢(まっしょう)まで均等に薬剤を到達させるためには、径0.5~3.0マイクロメートルの粒子が最適とされている。携帯用ネブライザーでは粒子の大きさは3~10マイクロメートル程度であり、このために上気道にもっとも多く分布する。超音波ネブライザーの粒子になると1~5マイクロメートルで、均等性であり、末梢気道までエアゾールを大量に送り込むのに効果的である。

 吸入療法によりエアゾールとして薬物を吸入した場合の利点は、全身投与(内服や注射)に比べて局所に高濃度の薬液を到達させることができる点であり、とりもなおさず速効性の面からみれば、吸入療法がもっとも優れているということになる。適応症としては軽度ないし中等度の喘息(ぜんそく)発作、鼻アレルギー、副鼻腔炎などがあげられる。

[山口智道]

[参照項目] | 吸入器 | 呼吸困難 | 酸素療法

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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