Kyushu Tandai - Kyushu Tandai

The position was established by the Muromachi Shogunate to control Kyushu. In 1336 (Engen 1, Kenmu 3), when Ashikaga Takauji, who had fled to Kyushu in defeat, re-emerged eastward, he chose Isshiki Noriuji (whose posthumous name was Doyu) to remain and manage Kyushu as the highest-ranking official in the Kyushu Shogunate army. The Tandai's authority was centered on military command over the samurai of the Shogunate, and in civil cases, they investigated the content of disputes, reported to the Shogunate, and enforced the rulings. After Noriuji, his son Naoji worked with his father, and Ashikaga Tadafuyu and Shiba Ujitsune were appointed as Kyushu tandai, but they were oppressed by the Southern Court's Seiseishogun no Miya (Prince Kaneyoshi) army and did not perform well, and Shibukawa Yoshiyuki, who was appointed as tandai in August 1365 (Shohei 20, Joji 4), could only go back and forth around Chugoku and was unable to enter Kyushu and returned to Kyoto. However, in February 1371 (Kentoku 2, Oan 4), Imagawa Sadayo (dharma name Ryoshun) was appointed and took up the post, and gradually subjugated the Imperial Court side and the management of Kyushu progressed. In 1396 (Oei 3), Shibukawa Mitsuyori took over and the succession continued in the same family, but after the Onin War (1467-77) the position became largely in name only.

[Junichi Ueda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

室町幕府が九州統制のために設けた職。1336年（延元1・建武3）九州に敗走した足利尊氏(あしかがたかうじ)が、再挙東上する際、一色範氏(いっしきのりうじ)（法名道猷(どうゆう)）をとどめて九州幕軍の最高責任者として九州経営にあたらせたのが始まりである。探題の権限は幕府方の武士に対する軍事指揮を中核とし、民事関係の訴訟については、相論の内容を調査して幕府に注進し、この裁定を施行することであった。範氏ののち子息直氏(なおうじ)が父とともに事にあたり、また足利直冬(ただふゆ)、斯波氏経(しばうじつね)らが九州探題の任についたが、南朝方の征西将軍宮(せいせいしょうぐんのみや)（懐良(かねよし)親王）の軍に圧迫されて振るわず、1365年（正平20・貞治4）8月探題に任ぜられた渋川義行(しぶかわよしゆき)などは中国のあたりを往返するだけで、ついに九州に入ることができず、帰京するというありさまであった。しかし、1371年（建徳2・応安4）2月、今川貞世(さだよ)（法名了俊(りょうしゅん)）が挙用されその任につくや、しだいに宮方を制圧し、九州経営が進められた。1396年（応永3）渋川満頼(みつより)がかわり、以後同氏が世襲したが、応仁(おうにん)の乱（1467～77）後はほとんど有名無実となった。

［上田純一］

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