Graded bedding

Japanese: 級化層理 - きゅうかそうり(英語表記)graded bedding
Graded bedding
A phenomenon in which the grain size of sedimentary particles changes continuously from coarse to fine from the base to the top in the cross section of a single layer. When clastic material is transported in still water by a turbidity current, the heavier coarse particles settle faster, resulting in graded stratification [Kimura et al.: 1973]. Graded stratification is a type of bedding consisting of strata in which the grains are relatively coarse at the bottom and relatively fine at the top, and can be divided into various types. (a) Ideal, which includes the complete type [Birkenmajer: 1959], the continuous type [Ksiazkiewicz: 1952], and the general type [Kuenen: 1952], and in which the flow rate changes continuously from the base of the strata to the shale or mudstone at the top. (b) Interrupted, which is a sequence in which a certain grain size is missing from the sequence upwards [Kuenen: 1952]. The middle grain part of the sequence becomes shale directly, and there is no sandstone or siltstone in between. Schrock (1948) describes a depositional sequence in which graded layers alternate with ungraded layers. (c) delayed (Walton, 1956), in which the layers are uniform but have a very thin top layer, due to a rapid decrease in grain size. (d) multiple (Ksiazkiewicz, 1952), cyclic (Kuenen, 1952), in which a single layer is formed of many graded layers. (e) inverse or reverse (Bouma, 1962), in which the grain size increases upwards. (f) symmetric (Ksiazkiewicz, 1952), in which the grain size increases in the middle of the depositional unit. (g) antisymmetric (Ksiazkiewicz, 1952), in which the grain size decreases in the middle of the depositional unit.
Other classifications have been made based on detailed analysis of the changes in the grain size distribution of the strata: (a) distribution grading [Middleton: 1967], where the grain size distribution is biased towards finer grains; (b) coarse-tail grading [Middleton: 1967], where the proportion of coarse grains decreases upwards and the coarse grains disappear at the top; (c) content grading [McBride: 1962], where the mean of the grain size distribution decreases upwards but the maximum grain size remains constant. Gradational stratification [Payne: 1942].

Source: Asakura Publishing Dictionary of Petrology Information

Japanese:
単層の断面で,基底から上に向かって堆積粒子の粒径が粗粒から細粒へと連続的に変化する現象.乱泥流により静水中に運搬された砕屑物は,重い粗粒子ほど速く沈降し級化成層を生じる[木村ほか : 1973].級化成層とは下部が比較的粗粒で上に向かって相対的に細粒となる地層からなる層理の型をいい,様々な形式に分けられる.(a) 理想的なもので,完全な型[Birkenmajer : 1959],連続的な型[Ksiazkiewicz : 1952],一般的な型[Kuenen : 1952]があり,地層の基盤から上部の頁岩または泥岩に向かって流度が連続的に変化するもの.(b) 中断するもので,上方への順序の中で特定の粒度の部分が欠けているもの[Kuenen : 1952].順序の中の中粒の部分が直接頁岩となるもので,途中に入る砂岩やシルト岩を欠いているもの.シュロックは堆積順序において級化成層が非級化成層と互層となるとしている[Shrock : 1948].(c) 遅延したもの[Walton : 1956]で,地層は一様であるが頂上部の厚さが非常に薄く,これは急速に粒度が減少したためである.(d) 多重のもの[Ksiazkiewicz : 1952],循環するもの[Kuenen : 1952]で,一つの地層が多くの級化層理で形成されている.(e) 逆または反対のもの[Bouma : 1962]で,上に向かって粒度が増大するもの.(f) 対称的なもの[Ksiazkiewicz : 1952]で,堆積の単位の中間部分で粒度が増大するもの.(g) 逆対称的なもの[Ksiazkiewicz : 1952]で,堆積単位の中間部分で粒度が減少するもの.
地層の粒度分布の変化を詳細な分析を基礎にして他の区分も行われている.(a) distriburion grading[Middleton : 1967]は,全体の粒度分布が細粒の級に偏っているもの.(b) coarse-tail grading[Middleton : 1967]では,荒い部分の比率が上に向かって減少し,上では粗粒のものが消滅するもの.(c) content grading[McBride : 1962]では,粒度分布の平均値が上に向って減少するが,最大の粒度の粒は変化しないもの.漸移的成層(gradational stratification)[Payne : 1942].

出典 朝倉書店岩石学辞典について 情報

<<:  Fallow - Kyukan

>>:  Nine Poems - Kyuukazu (English) Jiǔ gē tú

Recommend

Index number

A statistical value that is created to be easily ...

Arisaema japonicum (English spelling)

… [Mitsuru Hotta]... *Some of the terminology tha...

Kenji Miyazawa

Poet, children's story writer, agricultural c...

Phoenix

Occupation/Title Rock bass player nationality US ...

Isonitrile

isocyanide. Also called carbylamine. A compound i...

Chori

...The head and face are covered during religious...

Sholem Aleichem

…the greatest Jewish author in modern Yiddish lit...

Exhaust turbine - exhaust turbine

This refers to a gas turbine that runs on the exha...

Mycop

A city in the northern Caucasus, Russia. Located n...

Pansophia (Latin)

A northern spiritual movement that emerged during ...

McClure, R.

...Forty expeditions were sent out over a ten-yea...

Unicycle - Ichirinsha

Things that go by this name include bicycles and ...

Kawana

An area facing Sagami Bay in the eastern part of ...

Yellow Emperor

A marine fish of the family Polypedidae in the ord...

Kopiue

Also known as Lapageria. A perennial plant of the ...