A region in southwestern France. Former province. Includes the current Gironde department, as well as most of the departments of Lot-et-Garonne, Dordogne, Lot, and Aveyron. Its capital is Bordeaux, at the mouth of the Garonne River. Since the early 17th century, it has been called Guyenne-et-Gascony together with the former province of Gascony. It has a strong identity as a region of Occitan and Roman law. After the remarriage of King Henry II of England, it became part of the English Crown, but the Treaty of Paris in 1259 confirmed this English continental fiefdom as the region of Guyenne. Two Guyenne Wars (1294-1303, 1224-27) broke out between the English and French monarchies, triggering the Hundred Years' War, but it was returned to France after the Battle of Castillon in 1453. Louis XI gave the Duchy of Guyenne to his brother Charles as a family fief (appanage), but on his death it was absorbed into the royal domain in 1472. It became a base for Protestants during the Wars of Religion, and anti-royalist rebellions took place in the first half of the 17th century, but in the 18th century it prospered through wine production and exports, and through trade with Bordeaux, particularly with North America. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
フランス南西部の地方。旧州。現ジロンド県のほか,ロトエガロンヌ,ドルドーニュ,ロト,アベロンの各県の大部分などを含む。中心都市はガロンヌ河口のボルドー。 17世紀初頭以来旧ガスコーニュ州と合せてギュイエンヌエガスコーニュ州と呼ばれた。オク語地方,ローマ成文法地方という強い個性をもつ。イングランド王ヘンリー2世の再婚以来イングランド王領となったが,1259年のパリ条約によりこのイングランド大陸封地をギュイエンヌの地方名で記し確認された。イングランド,フランス両王権の間に2回にわたるギュイエンヌ戦争 (1294~1303,24~27) が起り百年戦争を誘発したが,1453年カスティヨンの戦いののちフランスに復帰した。ルイ 11世は親族封 (アパナージュ) ギュイエンヌ公領として弟シャルルに与えたが,その死により王領に吸収 (1472) 。宗教戦争では新教派の拠点となり,17世紀前半には反王税反乱が展開されたが,18世紀にワインの生産と輸出,ボルドーの北アメリカなどとの貿易により繁栄した。
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