Retrograde - Gyakko

Japanese: 逆行 - ぎゃっこう

〘noun〙① To move in the opposite direction to the natural direction, or against the normal order. ※Shoku Nihongi - Yoro 4th year (720), January Kougo, "The delusional retrograde movement" ※Social Aspects (1902), Uchida Roan, Hen-Philosopher: "Morality is an uncivilized thing that runs counter to the progress of society." [Mencius - Teng Wen Gong, Part 2] ② To move backwards while facing forward. To step back. ※Heihanki - Hōgen 2nd year (1157), August 3, "Deeply bowing backwards three times, <First the right foot steps back quite a bit, then the left foot steps back, <omitted>>" ③ (a) A phenomenon in which planets appear to move from east to west on the celestial sphere. It occurs when the outer planets are in opposition , and the inner planets are in inferior conjunction and approach the Earth. (b) A moon that revolves in the opposite direction to the main planet. Seen in Neptune's moon Triton. Retrograde motion. 4. In music, a technique in which a melody is played backwards from the last note to the first note.

Gyaku-gyou ‥gyau [reverse movement]

〘 noun 〙 A bad act that deviates from the path. ※Kyouunshu (late 15th century) Two poems about Kaiura Sou and his weapons: "A monk who goes against the flow with a three-foot sword _cannot read a _Zen record _{or read} _a _military book."

Gyaku-kou ‥kau [retrograde]

〘Noun〙 ⇒ Gyakkou (retrograde)

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 当然進むべき方向と反対の方へ、あるいは順序にさからって進んで行くこと。※続日本紀‐養老四年（720）正月庚午「熒惑逆行」※社会百面相（1902）〈内田魯庵〉変哲家「道徳といふものは社会の進歩に逆行した非文明のものだから」〔孟子‐滕文公・下〕② 前を向いたまま、うしろの方向に進むこと。あとずさりすること。※兵範記‐保元二年（1157）八月三日「深揖逆行三度、〈先右足頗退、次左足遠退、〈略〉〉」③(イ) 惑星が、天球上を東から西に向かって運行するようにみえる現象。外惑星では衝(しょう)、内惑星では内合となって地球に接近するころに生ずる。(ロ) 衛星が主惑星の公転方向と逆方向に公転すること。海王星の衛星トリトンにみられる。逆行運動。④ 音楽で、ある旋律の終わりの音符から、最初の音符へと逆にたどって行く手法。