Acidosis - Acidosis

Japanese: アシドーシス - あしどーしす(英語表記)acidosis
Acidosis - Acidosis

This refers to a state in which the relationship between acids and bases in the blood is predominantly acid, i.e., a drop in blood pH. It is also called acidemia. Normally, the pH of blood is kept very stable by the buffering action of its chemical components, as well as the function of breathing and the kidneys. A normal pH is 7.40, and a pH of approximately 7.36 or lower is called acidosis, and it is said that it is difficult to live long with a pH of 7.0 or lower. Acidosis is broadly divided into two types: respiratory and metabolic. The former is caused by the accumulation of carbon dioxide, and the latter is caused by the accumulation of acids other than carbon dioxide (fixed acids) or a lack of base. Respiratory acidosis occurs when carbon dioxide, which is constantly produced as a result of the metabolic activity of cells, is not sufficiently expelled from the lungs. Examples of this include central alveolar hypoventilation symptoms, in which the activity of the center that controls respiratory movement is reduced, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in which gas exchange in the lungs is impaired. If carbon dioxide accumulates excessively, it can cause paralysis of the central nervous system, leading to a dulling of consciousness and the so-called dementia of the elderly. Metabolic acidosis is caused by uremia, in which ketone bodies, an intermediate metabolic product of fat, accumulate, or by dysfunction of the kidneys, which are responsible for the excretion of fixed acids. The opposite of acidosis (a state in which the relationship between acid and base in the blood is base-dominant) is called alkalosis.

[Yoshiyuki Honda]

[Reference] | Alkalosis | pH regulation

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

血液中の酸と塩基の関係が酸優位の状態、すなわち血液pHの低下をいう。酸性血症ともいう。通常、血液はその化学成分の緩衝作用と、呼吸や腎臓(じんぞう)の働きなどによってpHが非常に安定した状態に保たれている。pH7.40が正常値で、おおよそ7.36以下になるとアシドーシスとよび、7.0以下では、長く生きることはむずかしいとされる。アシドーシスは呼吸性と代謝性に2大別される。前者は二酸化炭素の蓄積によるものであり、後者は二酸化炭素以外の酸(固定酸)の蓄積または塩基の欠乏によるものである。呼吸性アシドーシスは、細胞の代謝活動の結果、絶えず産生される二酸化炭素が十分に肺から排出されないときにおこる。呼吸運動を支配している中枢の活動が低下する中枢性肺胞低換気症状群、肺におけるガス交換が障害される慢性閉塞(へいそく)性肺疾患などがこれである。二酸化炭素の蓄積が強くなると、中枢神経の麻痺(まひ)状態がおき、意識が鈍くなり、いわゆる老人ぼけの原因となることもある。代謝性アシドーシスは、脂肪の中間代謝産物であるケトン体が蓄積する糠尿病、固定酸の排泄(はいせつ)をつかさどる腎臓の機能障害などによっておこるものである。なお、アシドーシスの逆の関係(血液中の酸と塩基の関係が塩基優位の状態)をアルカローシスという。

[本田良行]

[参照項目] | アルカローシス | pH調節

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