Announcer - announcer (English spelling)

Japanese: アナウンサー - あなうんさー(英語表記)announcer
Announcer - announcer (English spelling)

In a broad sense, it includes people who make announcements through microphones in theaters, on the street, at train stations, etc., but generally it refers to people who work for radio or television broadcasting companies and make announcements for broadcasts, or the profession of such people. They play the central role of audio expression in broadcasting, which is a group effort. From the beginning of radio broadcasting, people who read scripts and talk were needed, so the history of announcers is as old as the history of broadcasting. The first announcers in Japan were Takeo Kyoda and Sengai Oba, who both came from the newspaper industry and were active when the Tokyo Broadcasting Corporation, the predecessor of today's NHK, began test transmissions (1925). As broadcasting progressed, the work of announcers also became specialized, and from 1934 (Showa 9) announcers began to be recruited and trained on a national scale. The job of announcers was solidified during the radio era, but this changed dramatically with the advent of television. Several years before the start of regular television broadcasting in 1953, practical research into television announcing had been carried out in the field, and eventually camera face considerations were taken into account when making announcements.

Throughout the history of broadcasting, the scope of activities of announcers has gradually expanded, and today they cover almost every type of program, and their work is diverse. However, the basics remain unchanged: reading scripts, conducting interviews, and describing situations such as sports as live broadcasts. Furthermore, the role of announcers since the early days of broadcasting has also remained the same: speaking standard Japanese accurately and in an easy-to-listen way, among programs featuring people with a variety of linguistic idiosyncrasies. However, in general, natural, unpretentious, and approachable announcements have come to be preferred by viewers, and the boundary between announcers and celebrities who sell their individuality, or news anchors who act as hosts and presenters of news programs while also providing commentary, has become unclear. In terms of the content of their work, there has also been a qualitative change from reading scripts to full participation in planning and structuring. This is true worldwide.

Famous Japanese announcers include Kasai Sansei, who called out "Go Maehata!" during the swimming events at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, Matsuuchi Norizō and Shimaura Seiji, who were known for their stellar baseball broadcasts, and Nakamura Shigeru, who made the "Message to the Soldiers" broadcast during the February 26 Incident (1936). After World War II, others who are remembered include Wada Shinken, who made the broadcast announcing the end of the war on August 15, 1945 (Showa 20), and who hosted "Fountain of Stories," Fujikura Shuichi, author of "Twenty Doors," as well as Takahashi Keizō and Miyata Teru.

[Goto Kazuhiko]

"NHK New Announcement Reader" edited by the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (1980, Japan Broadcasting Publishing Association)""NHK Announcement Seminar" edited by the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (1985, Japan Broadcasting Publishing Association)""NHK Announcer History Editorial Committee edited "70 Years of Announcers" (1992, Kodansha)"

[Reference] | News anchor | Standard Japanese

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

広義には劇場、街頭、駅頭などでマイクロホンを通じて告知する者も含むが、一般にはラジオ、テレビの放送企業に所属し、放送のための告知をする人、あるいはその職業をいう。集団作業である放送のなかで、音声表現の中心的な担い手としての役割を受け持つ。ラジオ放送の当初から、原稿を読んだり、話をする人を必要としたので、アナウンサーの歴史は放送の歴史とともに古い。日本で最初のアナウンサーは、現在のNHKの前身、社団法人東京放送局が試験送信(1925)を開始したときから活躍した京田武男(きょうだたけお)、大羽仙外(おおばせんがい)で、いずれも新聞界の出身者であった。放送の進展とともにアナウンサーの仕事も専門化し、1934年(昭和9)からは全国的規模でアナウンサーが募集され、養成されるようになった。アナウンスの仕事はラジオの時代に固まったが、テレビの登場でこれが大きく変わることになった。1953年(昭和28)のテレビ本放送開始の数年前から、テレビのためのアナウンスの実践的研究が現場で進められ、やがてカメラ・フェースを考慮した採用が行われるようになった。

 放送の歴史のなかでアナウンサーの活動領域はしだいに拡大し、今日ではほとんどあらゆる番組に及び、仕事は多岐にわたっている。しかし、書かれた原稿を読み、インタビューをし、またスポーツなどの状況を実況放送として描写する、という基本は変わらない。また、多様な癖をもった言語表現をする人々が現れる番組のなかで、いわゆる標準語を正確に、聞きやすく話すという放送初期からのアナウンサーの役割も変わっていない。しかし一般的に、自然で構えない親しみのあるアナウンスが視聴者に好まれるようになり、個性を売り物にするタレントや、ニュース番組の司会・進行を務めながらコメントもするニュース・キャスターとアナウンサーの境目は、はっきりしていない。また仕事の内容面でも、もっぱら書かれた原稿を読むことから、企画、構成への全面的な参加の方向に質的に変化してきている。これは世界的にみてもいえることである。

 なお、日本の名アナウンサーとしてあげられるのは、1936年のベルリン・オリンピックの水泳競技で「前畑がんばれ」の声援放送をした河西三省(かさいさんせい)、名調子の野球放送で知られた松内則三(のりぞう)、島浦精二、二・二六事件(1936)で「兵に告ぐ」の放送をした中村茂らである。第二次世界大戦後では、1945年(昭和20)8月15日、終戦決定の放送を行い、また「話の泉」の司会をした和田信賢(しんけん)、「二十の扉」の藤倉修一のほか、高橋圭三(けいぞう)、宮田輝(てる)らが記憶される。

[後藤和彦]

『日本放送協会編『NHK新アナウンス読本』(1980・日本放送出版協会)』『日本放送協会編『NHKアナウンス・セミナー』(1985・日本放送出版協会)』『NHKアナウンサー史編集委員会編『アナウンサーたちの70年』(1992・講談社)』

[参照項目] | ニュース・キャスター | 標準語

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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