Yoshizo - Kichizo

A Chinese monk from the Chen, Sui and early Tang dynasties. He perfected the teachings of the Three Treatises (the Madhyamaka-ron, Hundred Treatises and Twelve Gates Treatises, which discuss emptiness based on the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra). His common surname was An, and his ancestors were from Ansoku (Parthia, an Iranian country), and he was also known as Hu Jizang. He was born in Jinling (Nanjing). He was taken by his father Doryo to study under Kokoji Horou, and became a monk at the age of seven (probably eleven). He was highly regarded as a gifted scholar, and at the age of 21 he received full precepts, further increasing his fame and leading to his reverence by King Guiyang of Chen. After the Sui Dynasty unified the country (589), he lived at the Jiaxiang Temple in Kuaiji (Zhejiang Province) for seven or eight years and spread his teachings there, so he was called the Master Jiaxiang. He was then invited by King Guang of Jin (later Emperor Yang) to move to the Huiri Dojo in Yangzhou (Jiangsu Province) and wrote the Sanron Xiangi and other works. He was later invited to Chang'an (Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) to be the leader of a debate held by the Sui King of Qi, where he defeated the self-proclaimed master of the Three Kingdoms, the Monk Can, and won the king's support. During the Tang Dynasty, he was highly esteemed by Emperor Wu and selected as one of the Ten Great Virtues. In addition to the Three Treatises, he wrote commentaries on such sutras as the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra, the Avatamsaka Sutra, the Lotus Sutra, the Nirvana Sutra, the Vimalakirti Sutra, the Golden Light Sutra, and the Maitreya Sutra, of which 26 still remain.All of them are valuable documents that draw extensively on and provide supporting evidence for the various academic theories of the time.

[Takao Maruyama January 19, 2017]

Hirai Toshiaki, "A Study of the History of Chinese Prajna Thought - Jizo and the Sanron School" (1976, Shunjusha) " Maruyama Takao, "An Introduction to the Study of the Lotus Sutra - Its Reception and Development in Jizo" (1978, Heirakuji Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、陳代・隋(ずい)代・初唐の僧。三論（『般若経(はんにゃきょう)』に基づいて空(くう)を論じた『中論』『百論』『十二門論』）の教学を大成した。俗姓を安(あん)といい、その祖先は安息(あんそく)（パルティアParthia。イラン人の国）の出身で、胡吉蔵(このきちぞう)ともいわれる。金陵（南京(ナンキン)）の生まれ。父の道諒(どうりょう)に連れられて興皇寺法朗(こうこうじほうろう)に師事し、7歳（おそらくは11歳）のとき出家し、秀才の誉れ高く、21歳にして具足戒(ぐそくかい)を受け、名声がいっそう高まり、陳の桂陽(けいよう)王に崇敬された。隋の天下統一（589）後7、8年間、会稽(かいけい)（浙江(せっこう)省）の嘉祥寺(かじょうじ)に住して教えを広めたので嘉祥大師と称される。その後、晋王広(しんのうこう)（後の煬帝(ようだい)）に招かれて揚州（江蘇(こうそ)省）の慧日(えにち)道場に移り『三論玄義』などを著した。しかるのち、長安（陝西(せんせい)省西安市）に招かれ、隋の斉王(せいおうかん)の開いた討論会の論主となり、三国一の論師と自称する僧粲(そうさん)を論破して王の帰依(きえ)を受けた。唐代になると武皇に重んぜられ、十大徳の一人に選ばれた。三論のみならず『般若経』『華厳(けごん)経』『法華(ほけ)経』『涅槃(ねはん)経』『維摩(ゆいま)経』『金光明(こんこうみょう)経』『弥勒(みろく)経』などについて注釈書を著し、26部が現存、いずれも当時の諸学説を博引旁証(ぼうしょう)した貴重な文献である。

［丸山孝雄　2017年1月19日］

『平井俊榮著『中国般若思想史研究――吉蔵と三論学派』（1976・春秋社）』▽『丸山孝雄著『法華教学研究序説――吉蔵における受容と展開』（1978・平楽寺書店）』

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