Public affairs field - Kujibata

… Public duties as taxes were originally imposed on individuals, such as guard duties, labor duties, and duties for retainers, and the individuals who were imposed performed them according to their abilities (such as ability). However, as the economic burden of public duties became more important, the ability to bear them was evaluated based on the amount of land (fields) and households (lay households), and public duties were imposed based on the number of fields and lay households. Fields and lay households that paid for public duties were specifically called "Koji-den," "Koji-hata," "Koji-ya," etc. In this way, various public duties came to be imposed on fields and lay households in manors, territories, and provincial government territories, and collectively they were called "miscellaneous public duties" or "manzo-kuji." …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Kojihata" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…　課役としての公事は，警固役，人夫役，御家人役のように，もともとは人を対象に課され，課された人はその能力(器量といった)に応じて務めた。しかし公事の経済的負担の側面の比重が高まると，負担能力は土地(田畠)や家(在家)の数量で評価され，公事は田畠･在家数に基づいて課され，公事を負担する田畠･在家はとくに公事田，公事畠，公事屋等と呼ばれた。こうしてさまざまな公事が荘園，所領や国衙領の田畠･在家に課されるようになり，それらはあわせて〈雑公事〉とか〈万雑公事（まんぞうくじ）〉とかいわれた。…

※「公事畠」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報