This law was enacted in 1954 to regulate the gas industry in Japan. Under this law, gas businesses were positioned as public utilities, just like electricity businesses, and were granted a supply monopoly within designated supply areas in exchange for assuming responsibility for supply. It was also stipulated that gas rates were approved based on the principles of "cost basis," "fair remuneration," and "fairness among consumers." However, there was an increasing demand for deregulation in the gas business as well, and in 1995 the Gas Business Act was amended to relax regulations on large-volume gas businesses (annual contract volumes of 2 million cubic meters or more). Specifically, it became possible for new entrants other than the existing general gas businesses to operate large-volume gas businesses, and at the same time gas businesses were able to enter the large-volume gas business in the supply areas of other gas businesses. In addition, rates for large-volume gas businesses were no longer subject to an approval system, but were instead set freely through individual negotiations between the parties involved. However, at the same time, it also stipulated the separation of accounting for large-volume and small-volume divisions, and the obligation to submit business plans for large-volume gas businesses to the regulatory authorities. Furthermore, in order to further promote deregulation, the Gas Business Law was amended again in 1999 to expand the scope of the large-scale gas business (lowering the annual contract volume to 1 million cubic meters or more). In addition, the details of the wheeling (fee) system, which is an important condition for entering the large-scale gas business, were examined. [Ken Koyama] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1954年(昭和29)に制定されたわが国におけるガス事業の規制法。同法においては、ガス事業は電気事業と同様に公益事業と位置づけられ、制定された供給区域内において供給独占が認められるかわりに供給責任を負うと定められ、かつ、その料金は「原価主義」「公正報酬」「需要家間の公平」を原則として認可されると規定されてきた。 しかし、ガス事業においても規制緩和の要請が高まり、1995年(平成7)にはガス事業法が改正され、大口ガス事業(年間契約数量200万立方メートル以上)に対する規制が緩和された。具体的には、従来の一般ガス事業者以外の新規参入者が大口ガス事業を行うことが可能になると同時に、ガス事業者はほかのガス事業者の供給区域における大口ガス事業に参入することが可能になった。また、大口ガス事業に関してはその料金は認可制ではなく当事者間の個別交渉による自由な料金設定を行うこととしている。ただし、その一方で、大口・小口部門での会計分離、大口ガス事業に関する事業計画の規制当局への提出義務等も定められている。 さらに、いっそうの規制緩和を進めるため、1999年にはガス事業法を再改正し、大口ガス事業の範囲(年間契約数量を100万立方メートル以上に引き下げ)を拡大することとなった。また、大口ガス事業への重要な参入条件となる託送(料金)制度について、その詳細が検討された。 [小山 堅] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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