Principle of scarcity

Japanese: 希少性の原理 - きしょうせいのげんり(英語表記)principle of scarcity 英語
Principle of scarcity

Water is extremely important for human life, but its price is low, whereas diamonds are not as necessary for human life as water, but are expensive. This is because diamonds are scarce, and therefore have a higher price. The theory that the economic value of all goods and services depends on their scarcity is called the "principle of scarcity," named by G. Cassel. Scarcity arises when there are not enough goods and services to fully satisfy people's desires or needs. The quantity of many goods and services available and the means by which people can satisfy them are limited. However, there are multiple ways for people to satisfy themselves, and people's behavioral goals are diverse, so the selection and allocation between these become important economic issues. It can be interpreted that the optimal allocation of limited goods and services using optimal means follows the "principle of scarcity."

[Koichi Hatanaka]

[Reference] | Cassel | Marginal utility

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

水は人間が生活するうえにきわめてたいせつなものであるけれども価格は低く、それに対しダイヤモンドは水ほど人間生活には必要とされないが高価である。これは、水よりもダイヤモンドが希少性をもつために高い価格がつけられるのである。このように、すべての財・サービスの経済的価値は、それらのものの希少性に依存するという説を「希少性の原理」といい、G・カッセルによって名づけられた。希少性とは、人々の欲望あるいは必要性を十分に満足させるだけの財・サービスが存在しないところから生じる。多くの財・サービスの存在量と人々がそれを充足する手段とは限られている。しかしながら、人々の充足手段は複数存在し、人々の行動目的も多様であるから、これらの間における選択および配分が重要な経済問題となる。限られた財・サービスが最適な手段を用いて最適な配分に決定されるのは「希少性の原理」に従うためであると解釈できる。

[畑中康一]

[参照項目] | カッセル | 限界効用

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