An aircraft that refuels fighter planes and airborne early warning and control aircraft (AWACS) in the air. It is an aircraft that is designed to carry a large amount of aviation fuel instead of cargo, and refuels by extending a refueling tube-like device in the air. It is said to be useful equipment in situations where combat conditions continue. There has been talk of introducing it in Japan since the Cold War, but there was strong opposition to it, such as the fact that the longer flight range of F-15 fighter planes would violate the "exclusively defensive defense" policy, and it did not materialize. However, the Mid-Term Defense Program (1996-2000) stated that "We will study the performance and operation, etc., and reach a conclusion and take action," and the Defense Agency (now the Ministry of Defense) proceeded with the study toward introduction. As a result, four aircraft were introduced by fiscal 2009, and in February 2008, the Air Self-Defense Force's first aerial refueling aircraft, the KC767, was deployed at Komaki Air Base in Aichi Prefecture. The Airborne Alert and Presence System (CAP), in which fighter jets wait in the air using tankers, is said to increase the effectiveness of interception and reduce fuel loss during takeoff and landing. However, concerns have been expressed within Japan, as well as from China and South Korea, as it would increase air combat capabilities. [Natsuki Mototani] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
飛行中の戦闘機や空中早期警戒管制機(AWACS)などに上空で燃料を補給するための航空機。いわば貨物のかわりに航空燃料を大量に積載できるようにつくられた航空機で、管のような給油装置を空中で伸ばして給油する。戦闘状態の続いているような状況では有用な装備といわれる。日本でも冷戦時代から導入論があったが、F‐15戦闘機などの航続距離が伸びることから「専守防衛」に反するなどの反対論が強く、具体化しなかった。しかし、中期防衛力整備計画(1996~2000年度)で「性能、運用などに関する検討を行い、結論を得て対処する」と記され、防衛庁(現防衛省)は導入に向けて検討を進めた。その結果、2009年度まで4機が導入されることになり、2008年(平成20)2月に愛知県の小牧基地に航空自衛隊初の空中給油機KC767が配備された。空中給油機により戦闘機が上空で待機する空中警戒体制(CAP)をとれば、迎撃効果が高まるうえに、離着陸による燃料のロスも抑えられるとされる。しかし航空戦闘能力が高まることから、国内や、中国、韓国などから懸念が示されている。 [本谷夏樹] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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