...The intermediate region showed a cultural advancement, with pottery and primitive cultivation, such as the Valdivian culture around 3000 BCE, but after the spread of corn and manioc farming, it did not develop a civilized society like Mesoamerica or the Andes. However, local cultures formed that showed unique sophistication in pottery, goldwork, and stonework, such as Coclé and Chiriqui in Panama, San Agustin and Quimbaya in Colombia, and Guangara, Torita, and Milagro in Ecuador. In the early 16th century, the Chibcha and others established a stratified society with the chief and his close relatives as the aristocracy. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Guangara" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…中間地域は前3000年ころバルディビア文化のように土器をもち原初的栽培を行っていて,文化的先進性を示すが,トウモロコシやマニオク農耕の普及後は,メソアメリカやアンデスのような文明社会の発展はない。しかしながら,パナマのコクレやチリキ,コロンビアのサン・アグスティン,キンバヤ,エクアドルのグアンガラ,トリタ,ミラグロなど,土器,金細工,石製品に独特の洗練をみせる地方的文化を形成した。16世紀初頭,チブチャ族その他が首長とそれに近い近縁者を貴族層とする階層化した社会を成立させていた。… ※「グアンガラ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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