Kinmei Pond

...in modern times, it is used to refer to large natural gardens and villas under the jurisdiction of the emperor, as distinguished from the private gardens of high-ranking officials and wealthy people in the Jiangnan region. Examples of this type of garden include the artificial landscape garden built by Emperor Qin Shi Huang in Xianyang, the Shanglin Garden and Taiye Pond of Emperor Wu of the Former Han Dynasty, the Xiyuan Garden of Emperor Yang of Sui, Qujiang in Chang'an of the Tang Dynasty, the Jinming Pond in Bianliang (Kaifeng, Henan Province) of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the Taiye Pond in Dadu of the Yuan Dynasty. Among the existing gardens are the Xiyuan (Sanhai) in Beijing during the Ming and Qing dynasties, which succeeded the Taiye Pond in Dadu, the Summer Palace (Iwa-en) and the Three Mountains and Five Gardens (Yuanming-yuan), both built in the northwestern suburbs of Beijing during the Qing dynasty, and the summer resort in Chengde (formerly Jehol), Hebei Province. All of these gardens occupy vast areas and feature large-scale artificial landscaping and lavish architectural decoration.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Kinmei Pond" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…近代ではむしろ江南地方の高官や富庶らの私邸庭園と区別して，ひろく皇帝の所轄になる大規模な自然庭園や離宮の類を総称する。この種の苑囿としては，秦始皇帝が咸陽に造営した離宮にすでに人工的な築山をもった造園の例があり，前漢武帝の上林苑や太液池，隋煬帝（ようだい）の西苑，唐の長安にあった曲江，北宋の汴梁（べんりよう）(河南省開封)にあった金明池，元の大都の太液池などが歴史上著名。現存するものとしては，元の大都の太液池をうけついだ明･清時代の北京の西苑(三海)や清朝の北京北西郊に設けられた頤和（いわ）園，円明園などの三山五園，同じく河北省承徳(旧，熱河)の避暑山荘などがあり，いずれも広大な領域を占め，大規模な人工的造園や豪華な建築装飾を特色としている。…

※「金明池」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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