Occultism - o-kuru-tizumu (English spelling) occultism

Japanese: オカルティズム - おかるてぃずむ(英語表記)occultism
Occultism - o-kuru-tizumu (English spelling) occultism

The word occultism is derived from the Latin occult(-us) meaning secret or concealment. It originally meant the ideas, rituals and practices surrounding mystical and mysterious things, but eventually came to refer to all kinds of magical, esoteric and miraculous ideas, rituals and practices. Occultism is based on the idea and belief that there are beings, principles and powers that can influence the fate of humans and the state of the world beyond the laws of nature, and is therefore considered to be related to a realm that cannot be explained by scientific rationality. Therefore, the mission of an occultist is to acquire and exercise the supernatural powers that can control supernatural beings, principles and powers. The quest for clairvoyant powers, prophetic powers or psychic powers gives rise to occult arts such as spirit summoning, mediumship, spirit possession, exorcism, astrology, palmistry, alchemy, water (mineral) vein exploration using a divining rod, crystal gazing and numerology.

The acquisition and development of psychic powers often takes place within a master-disciple relationship, following a certain traditional pattern. Occult elements are often found in esoteric Buddhism and Shugendo. The occult and religious realms often overlap. In particular, religions that emphasize supernatural beings and powers contain many occult elements, both ancient and modern. Generally, as religious doctrinal systems are established and idealization progresses, occult ideas, rituals, and practices are often neglected and eliminated.

[Hiroki Sasaki]

"Introduction to the Occult" by W. E. Butler, translated by Tadahiro Ohnuma (1975, Kadokawa Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

秘密、隠匿を意味するラテン語のoccult(-us)に由来する語で、本来は神秘、不可思議な事柄をめぐる観念と儀礼・慣行を意味したが、やがて広くあらゆる種類の呪術(じゅじゅつ)的、秘儀的、奇蹟(きせき)的な観念と儀礼・慣行をさすに至った。オカルティズムは、自然法則を超えてなお人間の運命や世界のあり方を左右しうる諸存在や原理、力が存在するとの観念・思考に基づいているので、科学的合理性によっては説明できない領域にかかわるものとされる。したがってオカルティストは、超自然的存在や原理や力を操作できる超能力の獲得と行使がその使命となる。千里眼的な透視力や予言力または精神力などへの探究は、降霊、霊媒、憑霊(ひょうれい)、祓魔(ふつま)、占星、手相、錬金、占い棒による水(鉱)脈探査、水晶占い、数秘学などの秘術を生み出すこととなる。

 超能力の獲得、開発は、一定の伝承的な型に従い、師弟関係において行われることが多い。密教や修験道(しゅげんどう)にはオカルト的要素が多くみられる。オカルト的領域と宗教的領域とは重なり合っていることが少なくない。とくに超自然的存在と力を強調する宗教は、古代と現代とを問わず、オカルト的要素を多く備えている。一般に宗教の教義体系が整い、観念化が進むにつれ、オカルト的観念や儀礼・慣行は軽視され、排除されることが多い。

[佐々木宏幹]

『W・E・バトラー著、大沼忠弘訳『オカルト入門』(1975・角川書店)』

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