Lowering the examination - Ginmisage

...To settle a dispute without making it public. In the Edo period, it was used to mean reconciliation. In a broad sense, settlements outside of court are also called "internal settlements," but internal settlements in court are given the same effect as a judgment (saikyou) if they go through the magistrate's office's approval procedure (sumikuchikikitodoke). In civil court procedures (deirisuji), internal settlements, which lead to a concrete agreement through mutual concessions between the two parties, were encouraged as the basic method of resolving disputes, rather than arbitration, which is a public and legal decision.

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "lower review" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…もめごとなどを表沙汰にしないで解決すること。とくに江戸時代，和解することをいう。広義には裁判外の示談も内済というが，裁判上の内済は，奉行所の承認手続(済口聞届（すみくちききとどけ）)を経ることによって判決(裁許（さいきよ）)と同様の効力が与えられる。民事裁判手続(出入筋（でいりすじ）)においては，公権的･法規的裁断である裁許よりも，両当事者の互譲によって具体的合意を導く内済のほうが，紛争解決の原則的方法として奨励された。…

※「吟味下げ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報