Golden Elephant

Japanese: 金丹 - きんたん
Golden Elephant

A medicine for becoming an immortal, as preached in Chinese Taoism. In the chapter on Golden Elixir in the Baopuzi by Ge Hong of the Jin dynasty, it is said that taking a golden elixir is the most important step in attaining immortality. The gold in golden elixirs is valued for its indestructibility whether burned in fire or buried in the ground, and the best elixir is the Nine-Turn Elixir, which is valued for its mystical transformation the more it is burned. It is said that taking this Nine-Turn Elixir will turn you into an immortal in three days. When making this great medicine, it is said that you must fast and bathe in a famous mountain far from civilization, and keep your surroundings clean, and many methods of making elixirs using ingredients such as cinnabar and mercury were preached. In later generations, in addition to the method of taking this external elixir, the theory of internal elixir was also preached. A representative example is the "Goshin" chapter by Zhang Boduan of the Northern Song dynasty. In it, he teaches that humans are originally endowed with something that replaces cinnabar and mercury. This is the Dragon and Tiger True Yin Yang energy, and by utilizing this, one can create an elixir within the body and become a sage. This theory of internal alchemy was inherited by Bai Yuchan of the Southern Song dynasty and others.

[Minoru Sunayama]

"Taoism: A Wish for Eternal Life" by Yoshitoyo Yoshioka (1970, Tankosha) " "History of Taoism" by Tokutada Kubo (1977, Yamakawa Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国道教で説く仙人になるための薬。晋(しん)の葛洪(かっこう)の『抱朴子(ほうぼくし)』金丹篇(へん)では、不老長生を得るには金丹を服用することがもっとも肝要であるとする。金丹の金は、火で焼いても土に埋めても不朽である点が重んじられ、丹の最高のものは九転の丹で、焼けば焼くほど霊妙に変化する点が重んじられた。この九転の丹を服用すると3日で仙人になれるとされる。この大薬である金丹をつくる際には、人里離れた名山で斎戒沐浴(さいかいもくよく)し、身辺を清潔にしなければならないとされ、丹砂(たんしゃ)、水銀などを原料にした多くの錬丹法が説かれた。後世では、この金丹を服用する外丹(がいたん)の方法のほかに、内丹説が説かれた。その代表的なものが北宋(ほくそう)の張伯端(ちょうはくたん)の『悟真(ごしん)篇』である。そこでは、人間には本来、丹砂、水銀に代わるものが体内に備わっている。それが竜虎真陰陽(りゅうこしんいんよう)の気であって、これを運用することにより、体内に金丹をつくりあげれば仙人になれると説かれている。この内丹説は南宋の白玉蟾(はくぎょくせん)などに継承された。

[砂山 稔]

『吉岡義豊著『永生への願い 道教』(1970・淡交社)』『窪徳忠著『道教史』(1977・山川出版社)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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