A type of carotenoid, a general term for a group of pigments that contain oxygen in the form of a hydroxyl group or epoxide group in the terminal ionone (ionone) ring. In living organisms, it is produced by the oxidation of carotenes. During photosynthesis, it transfers the energy of light as an auxiliary pigment. Lutein is a typical xanthophylls found in green leaves. In leaves that have turned yellow and have reduced photosynthetic ability, there is a lot of highly oxidized xanthophylls. Cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin are also widely found in petals and fruits. Red xanthophylls with ketone groups are also widely found in low concentrations in fruit peels. Physarien in Physalis fruit and helenien in Yamabuki petals are fatty acid esters of zeaxanthin and lutein, respectively. [Takao Minamikawa] “Secondary Metabolism of Higher Plants” by Seiichi Yoshida and Takao Minamikawa (1978, University of Tokyo Press) ▽ “Plant Metabolic Physiology” by Nariyuki Ishikura (1987, Morikita Publishing)” [References] | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
カロチノイドの一種で、末端のイオノン(ヨノン)環にヒドロキシ基やエポキシド基の形で酸素を含む一群の色素の総称。生体内ではカロチン類の酸化によってつくられる。光合成の際に、補助色素として光のエネルギーの受け渡しをする。緑葉に含まれるキサントフィル類としてはルテインが代表的なものである。黄化して光合成能の低下した葉では酸化のすすんだキサントフィル類が多くなる。クリプトキサンチンやゼアキサンチンも花弁や果実などに広くみいだされる。果皮などにはケトン基をもつ赤色のキサントフィルも低含量ながら広く含まれている。ホオズキ果実のフィザリエンやヤマブキ花弁の黄色色素ヘレニエンは、それぞれゼアキサンチンおよびルテインの脂肪酸エステルである。 [南川隆雄] 『吉田精一・南川隆雄著『高等植物の二次代謝』(1978・東京大学出版会)』▽『石倉成行著『植物代謝生理学』(1987・森北出版)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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