Thermal power generation

Japanese: 汽力発電 - きりょくはつでん
Thermal power generation

This is thermal power generation that uses a steam turbine as a prime mover, and generally can be considered the same as thermal power generation. It is composed of a boiler, steam turbine, and generator. Coal, heavy oil, crude oil, natural gas, and other fuels are burned in the boiler, and water is converted into high-temperature, high-pressure steam. The high-temperature, high-pressure steam generated rotates a steam turbine, and electricity is generated by a generator directly connected to the steam turbine. Coal-fired power generation was once avoided in Japan, especially in metropolitan areas, due to environmental concerns (Tokyo Electric Power Company's 1998 fuel ratio for thermal power generation was 68% liquefied natural gas, 26% oil, and 6% coal). However, due to advances in Japan's environmental technologies, such as desulfurization and denitrification technologies (removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides) and electrostatic precipitator for dust, sufficient measures have been taken. Furthermore, coal is once again being reconsidered due to abundant coal reserves and stable supply. Globally, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, and China also rely mainly on old-fashioned coal-fired thermal power plants for their electricity generation, but their thermal efficiency and environmental measures are insufficient. In order to improve power generation efficiency, combined cycle power plants (Advanced Combined Cycle Power Plant, or ACC power plant) that combine gas turbine power plants with heat recovery boilers are being constructed. This is a combination of gas turbine power plants and thermal power plants.

[Ryuichi Shimada]

[Reference] | Gas turbine power generation | Thermal power generation | Combined cycle power generation | Steam turbine

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

蒸気タービンを原動機に用いた火力発電のことで、一般的には火力発電と同じと考えてよい。構造としてはボイラー、蒸気タービン、発電機などで構成される。ボイラーで石炭、重油・原油、天然ガスなどの燃料を燃焼させ、水を高温・高圧の蒸気に変える。発生した高温・高圧の蒸気で蒸気タービンを回転させ、蒸気タービンに直結した発電機によって電気を発生させる。石炭火力発電は日本、とくに大都市圏では、環境対策上一時敬遠されていた(東京電力の1998年の火力発電に占める燃料の割合は、液化天然ガス68%、石油26%、石炭6%)。しかし、日本の環境対策技術である脱硫・脱硝技術(硫黄酸化物や窒素酸化物を除去すること)の進歩、粉塵(ふんじん)(ダスト)の電気集塵の進歩により、十分な対策がとれるようになった。さらに石炭埋蔵量が豊富で供給が安定していることから、石炭がまた見直されてきている。世界的にみればアメリカ、ドイツ、イギリスそして中国も石炭による旧式な汽力発電が電力の中心であるが、熱効率や環境対策は十分ではないといえる。なお、発電効率の向上を目的にガスタービン発電と排熱回収ボイラーを組み合わせた複合サイクル発電(コンバインドサイクル発電、アドバンストコンバインドサイクルAdvanced Combined Cycle発電=ACC発電)が建設されている。これはガスタービン発電と汽力発電との複合である。

[嶋田隆一]

[参照項目] | ガスタービン発電 | 火力発電 | コンバインドサイクル発電 | 蒸気タービン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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