...However, in the narrow sense, plasma is now used to refer to a gas in which the density of charged particles (electrons and positive and negative ions) and the degree of ionization (the ratio of the density of charged particles to the density of neutral molecules) are high, and in which the physical properties, such as electrical conductivity, are greatly affected by a magnetic field. In most gases, when the temperature (a measure of thermal energy) of the charged particles reaches tens of thousands to 100,000 K or higher, they are almost 100% ionized and almost no neutral molecules remain, resulting in what is known as fully ionized plasma. This state shows new physical properties that are very different from those of normal neutral gases or slightly ionized (weakly ionized) plasmas, and is therefore called the "fourth state of matter" (meaning the fourth state after solids, liquids, and normal gases). ... *Some of the terminology that refers to "fully ionized plasma" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…しかし現在,狭い意味では,荷電粒子(電子と正,負のイオン)の密度および電離度(荷電粒子の密度と中性分子の密度の比)が大きく,しかもその中での導電現象などの物性が磁場によって大きな影響を受けるような状態にある気体をプラズマと呼んでいる。 ところで,たいていの気体では荷電粒子群の温度(熱エネルギーの目安)が数万~10万K以上になるとほぼ100%電離してしまって中性分子はほとんどなくなり,いわゆる完全電離プラズマができる。この状態は通常の中性気体,あるいはわずかに電離した(弱電離)プラズマとは非常に異なった新しい物性を示すようになるので,〈物質の第4態〉(固体,液体,ふつうの気体に次ぐ第4番目の状態という意味)といわれている。… ※「完全電離プラズマ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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