Diabase was recognized by Brongniart as a rock independent of greenstone, traps, and basalt [Brongniart: 1807]. Diabase comes from the Greek word diabasis, meaning to cross over, and the name was coined based on the idea that diabase was formed by alteration of dolerite. Dia is borrowed from the Greek and means to pass through, separate, or cross. There is also a theory that the French word dia (di is 2) was mistakenly taken to mean dia, meaning 2, and that the word base was added to give the name diabase in 1816 [Random House: 1994]. Zirkel created the basis for our current understanding of diabase, determining its composition, texture, and occurrence. Its mineral components are pyroxene and labradorite, with chlorite sometimes present. Basalt was thought to have erupted from the Tertiary period to the present day, while diabase was thought to be older, but this has been criticized for being based on historical thinking. In Britain, Teal considered diabase to have an ophitic texture and to have undergone advanced decomposition and metasomatism. Harker considered all diabase to be dolerite, while Holmes considered diabase to be a modified dolerite. Currently, British petrologists use dolerite instead of diabase, and Nockold et al. follow this trend [Nockolds, et al . : 1978]. Meanwhile, in the United States, diabase is considered to be an intrusive rock with ophitic texture and the same mineral composition as gabbro, and there is a strong tendency to not use the term dolerite, as the change in the rock is not an issue. The corresponding eruptive rock is basalt. Most researchers agree that the mineral composition is mainly basic plagioclase and pyroxene, which is equivalent to basalt, and that rocks with ophitic texture are generally considered to be diabase. Furthermore, many believe that no change in the rock is necessary. Regarding ophitic texture, Rosenbusch is of the opinion that plagioclase crystallized first and pyroxene later [Rosenbusch: 1877], but Bowen and Fenner believe that it is due to the simultaneous crystallization of plagioclase and pyroxene. There are various types of diabase, and each characteristic rock has its own name. Those that contain calcite are called calc-diabase [Cotta: 1862], and those that contain amygdales filled with calcite are called diabase-Mandelstein diabase [Cotta: 1875]. Porphyritic diabase is called diabase-porphyry [Lasaulx: 1875]. In 1884, Kodo Bunjiro used the Japanese term diabase as "bouiwa," but the Geological Survey of Japan used diabase. In 1888, Nishiyama Shogo used diabase porphyrite [Nishiyama: 1886, Utashiro et al.: 1978]. Source: Asakura Publishing Dictionary of Petrology Information |
輝緑岩はブロニアールによって,緑色岩,トラップ,玄武岩から独立した岩石として認められた[Brongni-art : 1807].輝緑岩とは交差する(crossing over)という意味のギリシャ語(diabasis)であり,輝緑岩はドレライトが変質したという考えによったものである.diaはギリシャ語からの借用で,通過する,分離する,横切る,の意味.フランス語のdia(diは2)を誤って2の意味でdiaとし,これを基礎の意味のbaseを付けて,1816年にdiabaseと名付けたという説もある[ランダムハウス : 1994]. ツィルケルは現在の輝緑岩の知識の基礎を作り,その成分,組織,産状などを決めた.鉱物成分としては輝石,ラブラドライトを主成分とし,緑泥石はあったりなかったりする.玄武岩は第三紀から現代までに噴出したもので,輝緑岩はそれ以前の古いものと考えられたが,これには時代的な考えが入っているので批判がある.英国でティールは輝緑岩はオフィティック組織をもつものとし,分解作用や交代作用の進んだものと考えた.ハーカーは輝緑岩をすべてドレライトとしており,ホームスはドレライトの変化したものを輝緑岩としている.現在英国の岩石学者は輝緑岩を用いずにドレライトを使用しており,ノッコルドたちもこの流れに沿っている[Nockolds, et al. : 1978].一方,米国では輝緑岩を斑糲(はんれい)岩と同じ鉱物組成をもつオフィティック組織の貫入岩としており,岩石の変化は問題とせず,ドレライトの語は不用とする傾向が強い.対応する噴出岩は玄武岩である.多くの研究者の意見は,鉱物組成は塩基性斜長石と輝石が主体で,玄武岩相当の成分であって,オフィティック組織をもつ岩石を輝緑岩とすることでは大体一致している.さらに岩石の変化は不要と考える人が多い.オフィティック組織については,ローゼンブッシュは斜長石が先に晶出し,輝石が後であるとの考えをもっているが[Rosenbusch : 1877],ボーエンやフェンナーは斜長石と輝石の同時晶出によるものであると考えている.様々な輝緑岩があり特徴的な岩石にはそれぞれ名称が付けられている.方解石を含むものをカルク輝緑岩(calc-diabase)といい[Cotta : 1862],方解石で充填された杏仁(amygdale)を含むものを輝緑岩マンデルスタイン(diabase-mandelstein)という[Cotta : 1875].斑状の輝緑岩を輝緑岩斑岩(diabase-porphyry)という[Lasaulx : 1875]. diabaseの日本語は,1884年に小藤文次郎は“礞(ぼう)岩”としたが,地質調査所では輝緑岩を用いた.1888年に西山省吾は輝緑玢(ひん)岩(diabase porphyrite)を用いた[西山 : 1886, 歌代ほか : 1978]. 出典 朝倉書店岩石学辞典について 情報 |
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