Stock Company Dissolution Order - Kabunakamakaisanrei

Japanese: 株仲間解散令 - かぶなかまかいさんれい

...In Osaka, too, there was conflict between rural areas in the Kinai region and urban wholesalers over the distribution of rapeseed, ginned cotton, and other products, and in 1823 (Bunsei 6), 1,007 villages in Settsu and Kawachi filed a lawsuit, resulting in a widespread movement that was called a national lawsuit.
[Dissolution and revival]
In 1841 (Tenpo 12), as part of the Tenpo Reforms, the shogunate issued an order to dissolve stock associations. It completely banned all companies, including the Edo Hishigaki Kaisen-tsunami Wholesaler, from calling themselves wholesalers, associations, unions, etc.

From the Tenpo Reforms

... Lowering prices, which had been rising since the famine, was an important issue in the reforms. The shogunate believed that the root cause of the price hikes was the commodity distribution system at the time, namely the distribution monopoly of the Tokumi wholesaler association, and in December 1641 issued an order to dissolve the stock associations, completely prohibiting commercial transactions under the names of the Tokumi wholesalers in Edo and the wholesalers and stock associations in the three capitals, and allowing general merchants to trade freely. This was based on the expectation that free competition among merchants would increase the amount of goods in circulation and lower prices, but in reality, as a result of the dissolution of the existing distribution system, goods did not concentrate in Edo and Osaka, and the intended effect was not achieved. ...

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Stock Company Dissolution Order" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…大坂においても，菜種，繰綿などの流通をめぐり，畿内農村と都市問屋が対立し，23年(文政6)には摂津･河内1007ヵ村が訴訟するなど，国訴（こくそ）と呼ばれるほどの広汎な動きをみせた。
［解散と再興］
　1841年(天保12)に幕府は天保改革の一環として，株仲間解散令を発した。江戸菱垣廻船積問屋をはじめとし，すべて問屋，仲間，組合などと唱えることをいっさい禁止したのである。…

【天保改革】より

…　飢饉以来騰貴を続けた物価を引き下げることは改革の重要課題であった。幕府は，物価騰貴の根本原因を当時の商品流通の機構，つまり十組（とくみ）問屋仲間の流通独占にあると考え，41年12月に株仲間解散令を発し，江戸の十組問屋や三都の問屋･株仲間の名称による商取引をいっさい禁止して，一般の商人の自由な取引を許した。商人相互の自由競争によって商品流通量が増加し，物価は下がるであろうとの期待にもとづいたものであるが，実際には従来の流通機構が解体した結果，商品が江戸･大坂に集中せず，意図した効果をあげることができなかった。…

※「株仲間解散令」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

<<: Shareholders' rights

>>: Turnip - Turnip