Republic of Gilan (Soviet) Republic of Gīlān

Japanese: ギーラーン共和国 - ギーラーンきょうわこく(英語表記)(Soviet)Republic of Gīlān
Republic of Gilan (Soviet) Republic of Gīlān
A local revolutionary government in Iran. It was proclaimed on June 5, 1920, immediately after World War I, and was destroyed in December 1921. Around 1915 during the war, a forest partisan movement (Jangali movement) against Russia, allied with Germany and the Ottoman Empire, arose in the Gilan region under the leadership of Kuchek Khan. Many Mojahedan (citizen militia) from the constitutional revolution period participated in the movement, which raised pan-Islamic slogans, and by 1918 its influence had spread from Gilan to Mazandaran, threatening Qazvin, a key point on the way to Tehran, in March 1918. The British army used Rasht as a base for their expedition to the Trans-Caucasus, receiving prior consent from them (August 12, 1918). At this time, Kuchek Khan and others had an internal conflict with the far-left leader Ehsanullah, and lost part of the front line. On May 18, 1920, the Red Army fleet landed at the port of Enzeri (→ Bandar-e Anzali) in pursuit of the retreating British troops from the Caspian Sea, and established a joint committee with the forest partisans in Rasht. On June 5, 1920, Kuchek Khan proclaimed the establishment of the Gilan Republic (Iranian Socialist Soviet Republic), and on June 20-25, the Iranian Communist Party (Adalat) was founded in Enzeri and resolved to support the Gilan Republic. The Iranian national movement was now linked to the communist movement, and the land of the opposing large landlords was confiscated and distributed to the peasants. The Red Army (most of whom were Transcaucasian) in the area withdrew in September 1921, but the central government of Iran and the Soviet Union had already agreed to this beforehand, and the remaining Kuchek Khan and others were attacked by the central government forces of Iran, and the Gilan Republic was destroyed in December 1921.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
イランの地方革命政府。第1次世界大戦直後,1920年6月5日宣言され,1921年12月に壊滅。大戦中の 1915年頃,ドイツ,オスマン帝国と結びついて,ロシアに対する森林パルチザン運動(ジャンガリー運動)が,クーチェク・ハーンを指導者としてギーラーン地方で起こった。汎イスラム的スローガンを掲げた運動に立憲革命期のモジャーヘダーン(市民軍)が多数参加し,その勢力は 1918年にはギーラーンからマーザンダラーンにまで伸長,1918年3月テヘランに向かう要衝カズビーンを脅かすにいたった。イギリス軍はザカフカス出兵のためラシュトを基地として,彼らから事前の了解を得た(1918.8.12.)。このときクーチェク・ハーンらは極左派幹部エフサーヌッラーと内部対立し,戦線の一部を失った。1920年5月18日,赤軍艦隊がカスピ海から敗走中のイギリス軍を追ってエンゼリー港(→バンダレアンザリー)に上陸,ラシュトで森林パルチザンと合同委員会を樹立した。1920年6月5日,クーチェク・ハーンはギーラーン共和国(イランの社会主義ソビエト共和国)の成立を宣言し,6月20~25日イラン共産党(アダーラト)がエンゼリーで創立され,ギーラーン共和国支持を決議した。ここにイラン民族運動に共産主義運動が結びつき,反対派大地主の土地は没収されて農民に分配された。同地にあった赤軍(多くはザカフカス人)は 1921年9月に撤収したが,事前にイラン中央政府とソビエト連邦の了解ができており,残存したクーチェク・ハーンらはイラン中央政府軍の攻撃を受け,ギーラーン共和国は同 1921年12月に壊滅した。

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