Elements that exist in relatively small quantities on Earth. However, some elements that were once thought to be in small quantities and considered rare are now known to be different. Therefore, the scope of rare elements is not so clearly defined. In general, it refers to the rare gas elements, lithium, rubidium, and cesium in Group 1 of the periodic table, beryllium in Group 2, rare earth metals in Group 3, gallium, indium, and thallium in Group 13, zirconium and hafnium in Group 4, vanadium, niobium, and tantalum in Group 5, rhenium in Group 7, platinum group elements in Group 10, and radioactive elements from polonium onwards. However, among these, for example, helium, neon, and argon, among the rare gas elements, are quite abundant, and their abundance in the Earth's crust is about 25th of all elements, about half that of chlorine and about five times that of lead, which is more than that of cobalt and copper, so they cannot be considered rare elements. [Nakahara Katsunori] [References] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地球上に存在する量が比較的少ない元素をいう。ただし古くその量が少ないと考えられ、希元素とされていたものでも、現在ではそうでないことがわかっているものもある。したがって、それほどはっきりとその範囲が決められているものではない。一般に希ガス元素、周期表1族のリチウム、ルビジウム、セシウム、2族のベリリウム、3族の希土類金属、13族のガリウム、インジウム、タリウム、4族のジルコニウム、ハフニウム、5族のバナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル、7族のレニウム、10族の白金族元素、ポロニウム以降の放射性元素などをいうことが多い。しかしこれらのうち、たとえば希ガス元素中ヘリウム、ネオン、アルゴンなどはその存在量はかなり多く、また地殻中の存在量は、全元素中25位で塩素の半分程度、鉛の5倍程度あり、コバルトや銅よりも多く希元素とはいえない。 [中原勝儼] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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