Inflammation of the sclera is divided into episcleritis and scleritis depending on the depth of the lesion. Episcleritis is a superficial inflammation that is red and often causes a bump-like protuberance. Scleritis is purple-red due to deep congestion, making it difficult to distinguish individual blood vessels, and is often accompanied by uveitis. The two types of disease often occur simultaneously. There is a tendency for recurrence, and the location of the lesion often changes each time. The affected area is tender when touched above the eyelid. When inflammation is severe, the sclera becomes thin after healing, allowing the black color of the uvea to show through, and this area may bulge and expand due to intraocular pressure. In malignant cases, the sclera may become necrotic and ulcerate, and may even perforate. In most cases, the cause is endogenous, such as rheumatism or collagen disease. In the past, tuberculosis and syphilis were common. Systemic or local administration of adrenal cortical steroid hormones can be effective in treating the condition, but it is important to treat the underlying disease. [Uchida Yukio] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
強膜におこる炎症で、病変の深さによって上強膜炎と強膜炎に分けられる。上強膜炎は浅層の炎症で充血は赤く、しばしばこぶ状の隆起をつくる。強膜炎は深層の充血のため紫紅色で、個々の血管が区別しがたく、またブドウ膜炎を合併することが多い。二つの病型が同時におこっていることも少なくない。再発の傾向があり、そのたびに病変の場所が変わることがよくある。病変部を眼瞼(がんけん)(まぶた)の上から触れると圧痛がある。炎症が強いときは、治ったあとの強膜が薄くなり、黒いブドウ膜の色調が透けてみえ、眼内圧のためにこの部分が隆起して拡張することがある。また悪性の場合、強膜が壊死(えし)に陥って潰瘍(かいよう)となり、穿孔(せんこう)することもある。 原因的には内因性の発病がほとんどで、リウマチや膠原(こうげん)病などによる。かつては結核や梅毒によるものがよくみられた。治療には副腎(ふくじん)皮質ステロイドホルモンの全身または局所投与が効くことがあるが、原因疾患の治療がたいせつである。 [内田幸男] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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