…There are many known examples of bacteria and protozoans that live in the digestive tract of animals contributing nutritionally to their hosts by breaking down substances that the host cannot digest and synthesizing proteins and vitamins. The nutritional role played by such symbiotic microorganisms is called symbiotic nutrition, and when it is involved in the breakdown of indigestible matter, it is called symbiotic digestion. Most herbivores do not have the digestive enzyme (cellulase) that breaks down cellulose, the main component of plants, but they can use cellulose as nutrition through the action of microorganisms that live in their digestive tract. From [Digestion]… In general, herbivores have a much greater variety of carbohydrate-decomposing enzymes than carnivores, and in addition, even if they cannot digest food themselves, they often use the products of the decomposition action of bacteria and protozoa living symbiotically in their digestive tracts. This is called symbiotic digestion. The use of cellulose by herbivores, especially ruminants and termites, is a well-known example. … *Some of the terms mentioned in "symbiotic digestion" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…動物の消化管内にすむ細菌や原生動物は宿主が消化できない物質を分解したり,タンパク質やビタミン類を合成したりして,宿主にたいして栄養的に寄与している例が多く知られている。このような共生微生物による栄養的な働きを共生栄養といい,とくに不消化物の分解にかかわる場合を共生消化symbiotic digestionという。草食動物のほとんどは植物体の主要な成分であるセルロースを分解する消化酵素(セルラーゼ)をもたないが,消化管内にすむ微生物の働きによってセルロースを栄養として利用できる。… 【消化】より… 一般に植食動物は,肉食動物にくらべて,はるかに多種類の炭水化物分解酵素をもっており,そのうえ,自身では消化できないものでも,消化管内に共生している細菌や原生動物の分解作用によって生じた産物を利用している場合が多い。これを共生消化という。草食獣とくに反芻(はんすう)類やシロアリなどにおけるセルロースの利用は有名な例である。… ※「共生消化」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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