Newsletter - Kikanshi

A general term for periodicals or similar printed materials issued by organizations such as political parties, groups, and other groups with the purpose of carrying out public business activities to communicate their intentions to their members, for internal communication, or to teach their principles and beliefs to the outside world. In Europe, the activity of party newspapers began around the 17th and 18th centuries, when pre-modern political powers and modern political organizations that opposed them began to use printed materials to influence the outside world. In the 20th century, socialist parties and groups placed special importance on the role of party newspapers, and their publication became more active, and continues to this day. In Japan, the seeds of party newspapers were seen in the 1870s, but after World War II, as people's participation in politics became more active, almost all political parties, labor unions, and religious organizations began to have their own party newspapers. Furthermore, in recent years, there has been a trend toward an increasing number of circle newspapers being published by various groups, including civic movements.

[Masao Takasu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

政党、団体、グループなど公的な事業活動を目的とする組織が、その構成員に対する意思の伝達、内部の連絡、あるいは外部に向けてその主義・主張を教宣するために発行する定期刊行物またはそれに準ずる印刷物の総称。ヨーロッパでは、前近代的政治権力とそれに対抗する近代的政治団体とが互いに印刷物によって外部への働きかけを行うようになった17、18世紀ごろから機関紙活動が始まったが、20世紀に入り、社会主義政党やグループがその役割をとくに重視したので、発行が活発化し、現在に至っている。日本では、明治10年代から政党機関紙の萌芽(ほうが)がみられたが、第二次世界大戦後、民衆の政治参加が活発になるに伴い、各政党、労働組合、宗教団体などが、ほとんど機関紙をもつようになった。さらに近年は、市民運動をはじめ各種のグループによるサークル機関紙の発行がますます増加する傾向である。

［高須正郎］

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