Kiwits

Japanese: キウィタス

(1) In the Roman period, it was used to mean "state (especially the Roman state)," "city," "Roman citizenship," etc. (2) During the period of the Great Migration, it became the term to refer to a "local administrative district" of the Western Roman Empire consisting of a city and its surrounding dependent rural areas. (3) In Latin historical documents from the early Middle Ages and the Carolingian period, various expressions such as civitas, urbs, oppidum, castellum, castrum, and vicus are used to describe urban settlements, but among these, the name civitas (or urbs) seems to have been used only for "cities" that had been the seat of bishoprics since the Roman period, and especially since the Merovingian period or even earlier.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

(1)ローマ時代には〈国家(とりわけローマ国家)〉〈都市〉〈ローマ市民権〉などを意味する語として用いられた。(2)民族大移動時代には，都市とその周辺の従属農村とから成る西ローマ帝国の〈地方行政区〉を呼ぶ語となった。(3)中世初期，カロリング朝時代のラテン語史料では，都市的集落を表現するために，キウィタス，ウルブスurbs，オッピドゥムoppidum，カステルムcastellum，カストルムcastrum，ウィクスvicusなどの種々の表現が用いられているが，この中でキウィタス(またはウルブス)の名称は，ローマ時代以来の，しかもメロビング朝時代以来またはその以前から司教座所在地となったような〈都市〉についてのみ用いられたようである。

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