The concept of objectivity. The "subject-object" relationship is the fundamental framework of modern philosophy. Depending on how this relationship is understood, objectivity has different meanings. (1) While subjectum (Latin) refers to the underlying real reality, objectum (Latin) refers to the representation of consciousness, the content of consciousness, as something that is "thrown forward." For example, Descartes' "objective reality" refers to reality insofar as it exists in consciousness. (2) It is an object of the subject that recognizes, but its existence does not depend on the individual subject. However, it is in a correlation with the subject in the sense that it is universally applicable to all subjects. For example, in Husserl, objectivity is constructed intersubjectively. (3) It refers to a reality whose existence is completely independent of any subjectivity. Objectivity is reality, and the existence of objectivity makes universal validity possible for the subject. The subject depends on the objective. This "subject-object" relationship is the opposite of (1). [Ryoichi Hosokawa] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
主観の対(つい)概念。「主観―客観」関係は近世哲学の根本的枠組みである。この関係をどうとらえるかによって、客観は異なった意味をもつ。 (1)主観subjectum(ラテン語)が根底に横たわる現実的実在であるのに対し、客観objectumラテンは「前に投げられたもの」として、意識の表象像、意識内容を意味する。たとえばデカルトの「客観的実在性」は意識のうちにある限りでの実在性を意味している。 (2)認識する主観の対象であるが、その存在が個人的主観に依存しないものをいう。しかしあらゆる主観に普遍的に妥当するという意味で、主観との相関関係のうちにある。たとえばフッサールにおいて客観は間(かん)主観的に構成される。 (3)その存在があらゆる主観から端的に独立である実在をいう。客観こそが実在であり、客観の存在が主観における普遍妥当性を可能にする。主観が客観に依存するのである。この「主観―客観」関係は(1)と逆の関係である。 [細川亮一] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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