Kanrinji - Kanrinji

One of the warlords at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in China. Leader of the Red Turban army. A native of Luancheng (Hebei Province). His father, Han Shan Tong, organized the White Lotus Church early on and had many followers in northern China. He conspired with fellow believer Liu Futong and others, calling himself "the eighth-generation grandson of Huizong of Song," and took advantage of the chaos at the end of the Yuan Dynasty to plot an anti-Yuan rebellion, calling himself the Red Turbans. However, the plan was discovered and Shan Tong was arrested, but Liu Futong and others rebelled in 1351, using Yingzhou (Anhui Province) as their base. Later, they welcomed Han Lin'er, the orphaned son of the mountain boy who escaped, to Bozhou (Anhui Province), where they called him "Little Ming King", named the country Song, named the era Longfeng, and made him the leader of the Red Turban army throughout the country. In 58, they occupied Kaifeng (Henan Province) and made it their capital. Han Lin'er divided his forces into three directions, the east, the center, and the west, and sent them on a northern expedition against the Yuan. However, he was unable to keep control of his soldiers, and his power rapidly declined after a counterattack by the Yuan army. He was later protected by Zhu Yuanzhang (the founder of the Ming Dynasty), but Zhu Yuanzhang thought that his presence was an obstacle to the unification of the world, and had him drowned in the Yangtze River.

[Noriko Taniguchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、元(げん)末群雄の一人。紅巾(こうきん)軍の首領。欒城(らんじょう)（河北省）の人。彼の父韓山童(かんさんどう)は早くから白蓮(びゃくれん)教会を組織し、華北で広く信徒を得ていた。彼は信徒の劉福通(りゅうふくつう)らと謀り「宋(そう)の徽宗(きそう)八世の孫」と称し、元末の混乱に乗じて反元の反乱を企て、紅巾と号した。しかし計画は発覚して山童は捕らえられたが、劉福通らは1351年潁(えい)州（安徽(あんき)省）を根拠地として反乱を起こした。のち彼らは、難を逃れた山童の遺児韓林児を亳(はく)州（安徽省）に迎え、彼を「小明王(しょうみょうおう)」と称し、国号を宋、年号を竜鳳(りゅうほう)と定め、全国の紅巾軍の首領とした。58年、開封（河南省）を占領するとここを都とし、韓林児は諸軍を東路、中路、西路の3方面に分かち、元に対して北伐に向かわせた。しかし彼は部下の将士の統制を保つことができず、元軍の反撃を受けてその勢力は急速に衰えた。のち朱元璋(しゅげんしょう)（明(みん)の太祖）の保護を受けるに至ったが、朱元璋は彼の存在が天下統一の障害になると考え、彼を揚子江(ようすこう)に溺死(できし)させたという。

［谷口規矩雄］

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