Fire clay

Japanese: 耐火粘土 - たいかねんど(英語表記)fire clay
Fire clay

Among the secondary clay minerals produced during the weathering of rocks, clay deposits mainly composed of kaolinite derived from easily weathered minerals such as feldspars are collected as hard clay from consolidated sedimentary rock layers before the Tertiary system, and as soft clay from gravel layers of the Quaternary system. These are resistant to high temperatures, and those that can withstand temperatures from around 1630°C (SK28, an index indicating fire resistance) to 1770°C (SK35) are excellent fireclays and are used as binding materials for making refractory materials such as blast furnaces, crucibles, and bricks. The higher the content of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), silicic acid (SiO 2 ), iron (Fe 2 O 3 ), and carbonates of magnesium and calcium, in that order, the better the fire resistance. If there is a lot of unweathered remaining quartz sand, it is sieved underwater to remove it, making use of the agglutination and plasticity of the clay particles. Well-known clay sources in Japan include Geerome clay and Kibushi clay, which are collected from Quaternary hills and plateaus in Aichi and Gifu prefectures, Iwaki clay associated with coal seams in Ibaraki prefecture, and Rouseki clay, which is formed by hydrothermal alteration of Tertiary volcanic rocks in Hiroshima, Okayama, and Hyogo prefectures.

[Shigeo Asami]

[Reference] | Clay

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

岩石の風化過程で生じた二次粘土鉱物のうち、長石類などの易風化鉱物に由来したカオリナイトを主成分とする粘土集積物が、第三系以前の固結堆積(たいせき)岩層から硬質粘土として、あるいは第四系の砂礫(されき)層から軟質粘土として採取される。これらは高温に対して耐久性をもっているが、とくに1630℃(耐火度を示す指標SK28)付近から1770℃(SK35)に及ぶものが優れた耐火粘土となり、溶鉱炉、るつぼ、れんがなどの耐火材をつくるときの結合材に用いられる。この耐火性は、アルミナ(Al2O3)、ケイ酸(SiO2)、鉄(Fe2O3)およびマグネシウムやカルシウムの炭酸塩などの順に、その含有率が高いほど優れており、未風化の残留石英砂が多い場合は水中篩別(しべつ)して取り除かれ、粘土粒子のもつ膠着(こうちゃく)性と可塑性が生かされる。日本での産出は、愛知県や岐阜県の第四系の丘陵や台地から採取される蛙目(げえろめ)粘土、木節(きぶし)粘土、茨城県の石炭層に伴う磐城(いわき)粘土、広島県・岡山県・兵庫県の第三系火山岩が熱水変質した蝋石(ろうせき)粘土などが著名である。

[浅海重夫]

[参照項目] | 粘土

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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