This is a phenomenon in which a nuclide decays accompanied by gamma rays. In general, atomic nuclei produced by alpha decay, beta decay, neutron capture, and other nuclear reactions are in an excited state, and release energy to become stable atomic nuclei. When this happens, they emit electromagnetic waves with short wavelengths, generally called gamma rays. Their magnitude is between 10 keV and 6 MeV. In most cases, it takes less than 10-9 s for an excited atomic nucleus to emit gamma rays and become a stable atomic nucleus. However, some excited atomic nuclei have a long enough lifespan to be measured. Nuclei in such an excited state are called isomers of that atomic nucleus. Each level of an atomic nucleus has a fixed spin and parity (even-oddness), so gamma rays are emitted in such a way that they conserve not only energy but also spin and parity. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
放射性崩壊のうちで,γ線を伴って核種が崩壊する現象をいう.一般には,α崩壊,β崩壊,中性子捕獲そのほかの核反応によって生成した原子核は,励起状態にあり,エネルギーを放出して安定な原子核に変化する.この際,一般にはγ線といわれる波長の短い電磁波を放出する.その大きさは10 keV~6 MeV である.多くの場合,励起状態にある原子核がγ線を放射して安定な原子核になるのに要する時間は,10-9 s 以内である.しかし,励起状態の原子核のなかには測定できるくらいの長い寿命をもっているものがある.このような励起状態にある原子核をその原子核の異性体という.原子核のおのおののレベルは,それぞれ定まったスピンとパリティ(偶奇性)をもっているので,γ線はエネルギーだけでなくスピンおよびパリティを保存するように放出される. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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