North German Lowlands (English: Norddeutsches Tiefland)

Japanese: 北ドイツ低地 - きたドイツていち(英語表記)Norddeutsches Tiefland
North German Lowlands (English: Norddeutsches Tiefland)
A lowland that forms the northern part of Germany. In a broad sense, it stretches from the Netherlands in the west to Poland in the east. The deposition of moraine by inland glaciers and the action of their meltwater play a major role in the formation of the landform, forming low hills and primary valleys running from the northwest to the southeast. The primary valleys are divided into outer sedimentary plains (gravel areas called Zander) and low marshes. The valleys of the Warta and Notetsch, tributaries of the Oder (Odra) River east of Berlin, the valley of the Elbe River that runs through Berlin, and the valley of the Aller River, a tributary of the Weser River, that runs to Magdeburg are primary valleys, and part of each of them is now a swamp or sand dune that has been cultivated. The terminal moraine areas are hilly, but have been dissected into fragments such as the Lüneburg Heath and the Altmark Heath. The last glacial formations are most prominent from Schleswig-Holstein to the north of Berlin. The moraine areas are partly flat and partly hilly, with lakes scattered here and there. In the west are the Lower Rhine and Westphalia embayments, and in the east are the Saxony embayment and Silesian embayment. In the area along the Mittelgebirge, which was not reached by the last glacier, aeolian loess deposits (loess zone) are found, forming fertile agricultural areas (Wörde). Overall, the area is gently undulating, with an average elevation of about 50m. In addition, along the North Sea coast there are low marshes (marches) made of marine mud and sand, and sandbars have also developed.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ドイツの北部地域を形成する低地帯。広義には西はオランダから,東はポーランドに及ぶ。内陸氷河による氷堆石 (モレーン) の堆積とその融解水の作用が地形形成の主役をなし,北西から南東方向に低い丘陵,原流谷をつくり,原流谷は外縁堆積原 (ザンダーと呼ぶ砂礫地) と低湿地に分れる。ベルリンの東方オーデル (オドラ) 川の支流ワルタ川およびノテチ川の谷,エルベ川からベルリンを通る谷,ウェーザー川の支流アラー川からマクデブルクにいたる谷などは原流谷で,それぞれその一部を現河川が流れ,現在は耕地化された低湿地や砂丘を伴っている。終堆石地帯は丘陵であるが,開析されて断片的にリューネブルガーハイデ,アルトマルクハイデなどとなっている。最後の氷河によるものはシュレースウィヒホルシュタイン州からベルリン北部にかけて著しい。底堆石地形のところは一部が平坦,一部は丘陵状をなし,ところどころに湖を残す。西部ではニーダーライン,ウェストファーレンの湾入があり,東部のザクセン湾入,シュレジエン (シレジア) 湾入と対応する。最終氷河の及ばなかった中位山地 (ミッテルゲビルゲ) 沿いの一帯には風成のレス (黄土) の堆積がみられ (黄土地帯) ,肥沃な農耕地帯 (ベールデ) を形成。全体としてはゆるやかな起伏に富み,平均高度は約 50m。このほか,北海の沿岸には海成の泥土や砂から成る低湿地 (マルシェ) があり,砂州の発達もみられる。

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