A type of mooring facility for ships, it has a wall or surface that rises vertically from the bottom of the water, ships are moored in the water area in front of it, and the area behind it is filled with soil and sand to become land on which various wharf facilities are built. Mooring facilities with this type of structure are collectively called quays. There are various structural types, including gravity type, sheet pile type, shelf type, and cellular type. The gravity type uses reinforced concrete caissons, concrete blocks, or L-shaped retaining walls to build the walls and use their weight to resist the earth pressure acting from behind. It is suitable for relatively small quays with good ground. However, it is less earthquake-resistant. The sheet pile type uses sheet piles to support the walls and earth pressure from behind. It is suitable for sandy ground, and is easy to construct and inexpensive to build. In recent years, large-section composite sheet piles and steel pipe sheet piles have become available, and they are also used for quays with deep water. The sheet pile type has stronger earthquake resistance when the sheet pile retaining structure is made of piles. The shelf type is a variation of the sheet pile type, in which piles support the load of cargo and other loads during earthquakes, and sheet piles support the earth pressure. The cellular type is a cylinder of about 10 meters in diameter made of straight sheet piles or steel plates, which is filled with soil to form a wall, and these are connected in a row. Sheet pile, shelf, cellular and other types of quays that use steel materials require corrosion protection to prevent corrosion caused by seawater. [Takao Horiguchi] [Reference] | |©Shogakukan "> Wharf structural type Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
船舶を係留する係船施設の一つの呼び方で、水底から鉛直に立ち上がる壁体または壁面をもち、これらの前面水域に船舶が係留され、これらの背後は土砂で埋め立てられて陸地となり、そこにいろいろな埠頭(ふとう)施設が設置される。このような構造形式をもつ係船施設を岸壁と総称している。 構造形式には、重力式、矢板式、棚式、セルcellular式などがある。重力式は、鉄筋コンクリートケーソン、コンクリートブロックまたはL形擁壁(ようへき)などで壁体をつくり、それぞれの重さで背後から作用する土圧に対抗する様式で、あまり大型の岸壁でなく、地盤が良好な所に向いている。ただし耐震性には劣るところがある。矢板式は、壁面を矢板で構成するもので、背後からの土圧はこの矢板で支える。砂質地盤などに適しており、施工が容易で工費が安くなる。近年では合成矢板、鋼管矢板など断面の大型なものが利用できるようになり、水深の大きい岸壁にも用いられている。矢板式は、矢板の控え工が杭構造になると耐震性が強化される。棚式は、矢板式の変種で、貨物などの上載荷重や地震時の荷重は杭(くい)で受け持ち、土圧は矢板で支える構造にしたものである。セル式は、直線矢板または鋼板で直径十数メートルの円筒をつくり、内部に土砂を充填(じゅうてん)して壁体となし、これを連続させたものである。矢板式、棚式、セル式など鋼材を用いる岸壁は、海水による腐食作用を防ぐため防食の処理が必要である。 [堀口孝男] [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> 岸壁の構造形式 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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