Campeche (English spelling)

Japanese: カンペチェ（英語表記）Campeche

The capital of the state of Campeche in eastern Mexico. A port city on the west coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, facing the Bay of Campeche, a tributary of the Gulf of Mexico. The Spanish built the city in 1540 on the site of the Mayan village of Quimpecchi. After the port was opened in the 18th century, the city prospered by monopolizing trade in the Yucatan Peninsula, mainly shipping wood for dyes and salt, but the demand for dyes decreased with the introduction of chemical dyes. Even today, as the main port of the peninsula, it ships cotton, rice, sugar cane, tobacco, guitars, etc., but the city's economy is supported by oil and natural gas produced on the coast of the Bay of Campeche. Many old buildings remain, including city walls built in the 17th century to protect against pirates, as well as churches and fortresses from the colonial era, and were registered as a cultural heritage of the World Heritage Sites in 1999. The remains of a Mayan settlement are also preserved. The city is home to the University of Sudeste (1756). A major road and railway run through the city, connecting inland cities in Mexico with Merida, the largest city on the Yucatan Peninsula. Population: 172,208 (1990 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

メキシコ東部，カンペチェ州の州都。ユカタン半島西岸，メキシコ湾の支湾カンペチェ湾に臨む港湾都市。インディオのマヤ族の村キンペチがあったところに，1540年スペイン人が町を建設。 18世紀の開港後，ユカタン半島の交易を独占して繁栄，おもに染料採取用木材，塩を積み出したが，化学染料の進出によって染料需要は減少した。現在も半島の主要港として，綿花，米，サトウキビ，タバコ，ギターなどを積み出すが，市の経済はカンペチェ湾岸で産出する石油と天然ガスが支えている。 17世紀に海賊に備えて建設された市壁をはじめ，植民地時代の聖堂や要塞など古い建築物が多数残っており，1999年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。またマヤ族の集落跡も保存されている。スデステ大学 (1756) 所在地。メキシコ内陸部諸都市とユカタン半島最大の都市メリダを結ぶ幹線道路，鉄道が通る。人口 17万 2208 (1990推計) 。

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