Rule-making power

Japanese: 規則制定権 - きそくせいていけん（英語表記）rule-making power

It refers to the authority of a certain national organ to independently establish written legal norms on certain matters. Rules established based on this authority include the Rules of the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors of the Diet (Article 58, Paragraph 2 of the Constitution), the Rules of the Supreme Court (Article 77, Paragraph 1), rules established by administrative commissions and the heads of administrative agencies, rules established by the heads of local governments, and assembly rules established by the assemblies of local governments. Of these, it often refers to the authority of the Supreme Court to establish rules on litigation procedures and judicial affairs processing. This authority was granted by the Supreme Court as a means of maintaining its independence, following the independence of the courts from the executive branch under the Constitution of Japan, by referring to the common law system. This raises the question of which rule takes precedence when there is a conflict between laws and rules regarding litigation procedures, and the majority view is that law takes precedence. The Rules of the Supreme Court are established by resolution of the Supreme Court Judges' Conference. Many rules have been established in this way, including the Civil Procedure Rules, Criminal Procedure Rules, Domestic Relations Court Rules, and Juvenile Court Rules.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

一定の国家機関がある事項に関する成文の法規範を独自に制定しうる権限をいう。この権限に基づいて制定される規則には，国会の衆参両議院がおのおの定める議院規則 (憲法 58条2項) ，最高裁判所が定める最高裁判所規則 (77条1項) ，行政委員会や行政庁の長が定める規則，地方公共団体の長が定める規則，地方公共団体の議会が定める議会規則などがある。これらのうち，特に最高裁判所が訴訟に関する手続や司法事務処理についての規則を定める権能をさすことが多い。この権能は，日本国憲法のもとで裁判所が行政府から独立した存在となったことに伴って，その独立性を維持するための一つの手段として，英米法の制度を参考として認められた。このことから，訴訟手続に関して，法律と規則が競合した場合，いずれが優位に立つかという問題が生じるが，法律優位説が多数を占めている。最高裁判所規則は，最高裁判所の裁判官会議の議決によって制定される。このようにして制定された規則には，民事訴訟規則，刑事訴訟規則，家事審判規則，少年審判規則など多数がある。

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