… Electron spin was introduced to explain the existence of doublets (pairs of closely spaced spectral lines) in atomic spectra and the anomalous Zeeman effect. In other words, the spectra of alkali elements have doublets that cannot be understood by Bohr's atomic theory, and show an anomaly in the way energy levels are separated when a magnetic field is applied. In 1925, George Eugene Uhlenbeck and Samuel Abraham Goudsmit clarified that these phenomena can be explained if electrons have internal degrees of freedom and can be in two states. The fact that electrons have two states and can be separated by a magnetic field was directly confirmed when an atomic beam of silver was split into two by an inhomogeneous magnetic field. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Uhlenbeck, GE" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 電子のスピンは原子スペクトル中の二重項(接近したスペクトル線の対)の存在,異常ゼーマン効果などを説明する中で導入された。すなわち,アルカリ元素のスペクトルはボーアの原子論では理解できない二重項をもち,また磁場をかけたときのエネルギー準位の分離のしかたに異常性を示すが,1925年にウーレンベックGeorge Eugene UhlenbeckとハウトスミットSamuel Abraham Goudsmitは,電子が内部自由度をもち2個の状態をとりうるとすれば,これらの現象を説明できることを明らかにした。電子が二つの状態をもち磁場によって分離することは,銀の原子線が不均一磁場によって2本に分けられることで直接確かめられた。… ※「ウーレンベック,G.E.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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