Geometrical optical illusions

Japanese: 幾何学的錯視 - きかがくてきさくし(英語表記)geometrical optical illusions
Geometrical optical illusions
A type of visual illusion, in which the geometric dimensions and relationships (i.e., size, length, direction, angle, etc.) of plane figures are perceived differently than they actually are. Many types of illusion figures have been discovered, many of which are named after their discoverers. The most well-known are the Muller-Lyer figures, but there are also the following types of illusion figures: (1) Zöllner, Bunt, Hering, and Poggendorff figures, which are lumped together as figures that involve directional illusions. (2) Divided distance illusion, that is, figures whose length or extent is exaggerated when divided into several parts. (3) Figures of a certain size that are overestimated or underestimated depending on the size of other figures placed nearby or around them. Other illusion figures include the phenomenon of vertical line overestimation occurring between vertical and horizontal lines, and the Jastrow, Zander, Ponzo, and Delboeuf illusion figures.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
視覚的な錯覚 (錯視) の一種で,平面図形の幾何学的次元や関係 (すなわち,大きさ,長さ,方向,角度など) が,実際とは異なって知覚される現象をさす。種々の錯視図形が見出されているが,多くは発見者の名をもって呼ばれている。著名なものは,ミュラー=リヤーの図形であるが,このほか,次のような各種の錯視図形があげられている。 (1) ツェルネル,ブント,ヘーリング,ポッゲンドルフの各図形。これらは方向の錯視を伴うものとして一括される。 (2) 分割距離錯視,すなわち,長さや広がりが数個に分割される際に,それらが過大視される図形。 (3) ある大きさの図形が,その近傍あるいは周囲におかれた別の図形の大小によって,過小視,あるいは過大視されるもの。これ以外に,垂直な線分と水平な線分との間に起る垂直線過大視現象や,ジャストロー,ザンダー,ポンゾ,デルブーフなどの各錯視図形が知られている。

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