… The term aspect is originally used to describe a phenomenon found in Slavic languages such as Russian, and is also translated as “body” in Japanese. In Russian, all verbs belong to either the perfect tense or the imperfect tense, and each has its own tense Regarding the two sentences (1) On napisal. and (2) On pisal., what they have in common is that they are both talking about "his (on) act of writing." From [Russian]… Like all Slavic languages, Russian verbs have the category of aspect (generally translated as “phase”, but in Russian grammar it is often translated as “body”, as described below). That is, all verbs belong to either the perfect aspect, characterized by a total grasp of the action, or the imperfect aspect, lacking this feature. Moreover, in many cases, verbs of one aspect exist in pairs with verbs of another aspect that are morphologically related to them. For example, there is the perfect решить (resolve) and the imperfect решать, and the difference is expressed as a difference in the meaning of the aspect. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention the "perfective form" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… aspectという用語は本来はロシア語などのスラブ語(スラブ語派)にみられる現象を示すためのものであり,日本語では〈体(たい)〉とも訳される。ロシア語では動詞はすべて完了体か不完了体のいずれかに属し,それぞれが各時制に関してそれぞれの活用形をもつ。いま(1)On napisal.と(2)On pisal.の二つの文について,両者は〈彼(on)の〈書く〉という行為〉について述べているという点は共通である。… 【ロシア語】より… すべてのスラブ諸語と同様,ロシア語の動詞はアスペクト(一般には〈相〉と訳されるが,ロシア語文法では下記のように〈体〉とすることが多い)の範疇をもつ。すなわち,すべての動詞は,動作の全一的把握を特徴とする完了アスペクト(完了体)か,あるいはその特徴を欠く不完了アスペクト(不完了体)のどちらか一方に属し,しかも多くの場合,一方のアスペクトの動詞はそれと形態上関連のある別のアスペクトの動詞と対(つい)をなして存在している。たとえば,完了体のрешить(解決する)に対して不完了体のрешатьがあり,その相違はアスペクトの意味のちがいとして表れる。… ※「完了体」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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