Also called rock paintings. They are paintings on the surface of rocks, often found inside caves (→ cave paintings). They exist all over the world, and their age and subject matter vary. There are late Paleolithic cave paintings found from France to Spain, Neolithic rock paintings scattered in northern Africa, caves and rocks in southern Africa, Bronze Age rock engravings found mainly in Scandinavia, rock paintings painted by indigenous people in rock shelters and caves in northwestern Australia, and in Japan, there is a cave in Otaru that is probably a human figure. The cave murals in Lascaux in France and the cave of Altamira in Spain are famous. The subjects of rock paintings in France and Spain are mainly animals such as cows, horses, mammoths, deer, and reindeer, and the colored paintings are often line drawings in red and black. In North Africa, there are paintings of animals such as cows, rhinoceroses, elephants, sheep, lions, and ostriches, as well as imaginary creatures such as gods and monsters. In South Africa, there are colorful paintings of the San people (also known as Bushmen) depicting rain-making rituals and wars, along with realistic and elegant animal paintings from the Neolithic period. All of these rock paintings are thought to have been created for magical or religious purposes, rather than for viewing. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
岩壁絵画ともいう。岩の表面に描いた絵画のことで,洞窟内部にみられる場合が多い (→洞窟画 ) 。世界各地に存在しており,その描かれた年代も,題材も一様ではない。フランスからスペインにかけてみられる旧石器時代後期の洞窟岩壁画,アフリカ北部に散見する新石器時代の岩面絵画,アフリカ南部の洞窟や岩盤にみられるものや,スカンジナビア半島を中心として見出される青銅器時代の岩面刻画,オーストラリア北西部の岩陰や洞窟に先住民の描いた岩壁画などがあり,日本でも小樽の洞窟に,たぶん人物像と思われる刻画がある。フランスのラスコー洞窟やスペインのアルタミラ洞窟の壁画は名高い。フランスやスペインの岩壁画の題材としては,ウシ,ウマ,マンモス,シカ,トナカイなどの動物が主として選ばれており,彩画では,赤と黒とで線描したものが多い。北アフリカのものでは,ウシ,サイ,ゾウ,ヒツジ,ライオン,ダチョウなどの動物画とともに,神や怪物のような想像上の生物も描かれている。南アフリカには,新石器時代に属する,写実的で優美な動物画とともに,サン民族 (いわゆるブッシュマン) の雨ごい儀礼や戦争などを描いた多彩画が存在する。いずれの壁画も鑑賞用としてではなく,呪術的,宗教的な目的から作製されたものと考えられる。
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