Conquest of China

Japanese: 中国征伐 - ちゅうごくせいばつ
Conquest of China

From 1577 (Tensho 5), Oda Nobunaga launched an invasion of the Chugoku region, which was the sphere of influence of Mori Terumoto. Nobunaga and the Mori clan maintained a friendly relationship on the surface, with the western border of Tajima and Harima (both in Hyogo Prefecture), but when Nobunaga began his attack on Ishiyama Honganji (Osaka City) in 1576, the Mori clan occupied Awaji Iwaya Castle (Awaji City, Hyogo Prefecture), defeated Nobunaga's forces, rescued Honganji, and invaded Harima the following year in 1577. For this reason, Nobunaga appointed Hashiba (Toyotomi) Hideyoshi as commander and began his conquest of the Chugoku region. Hideyoshi fought in Harima and Tajima, capturing Kozuki Castle (Sayo Town, Hyogo Prefecture) and other places. In 1578, Bessho Nagaharu, lord of Miki Castle (Miki City) in Harima, and Araki Murashige, lord of Arioka Castle (Itami City) in Settsu, defected to Nobunaga, but in 1579, the Ukita clan of Bizen and the Nanjo clan of Higashi Hoki surrendered to Nobunaga, Arioka Castle fell, and Tamba and Tango were pacified by Akechi Mitsuhide. In 1580, Hideyoshi, who had defeated Bessho Nagaharu, occupied Aga (Himeji City), the stronghold of the Harima Ikko Ikki, dismantling the rebellion, and pacifying Harima. Afterwards, he renovated Himeji Castle (Himeji City) and made it his castle. After his younger brother Hidenaga pacified Tajima, Hideyoshi captured Inaba Tottori Castle (Tottori City) in 1581 and pacified Awaji in the same year. In 1582, he forced the Iyokurushima clan of the Mori navy to submit, and then he sieged Bitchu Takamatsu Castle (Takamatsu, Kita-ku, Okayama City) with water, confronting the Mori clan who came to his rescue. Nobunaga himself marched out to pacify Chugoku and Shikoku, but committed suicide at Honno-ji Temple in Kyoto due to a rebellion by Mitsuhide. Upon receiving this news, Hideyoshi concluded a peace treaty on the condition that Shimizu Muneharu, the lord of Takamatsu Castle, commit seppuku and that the Mori ceded three provinces of Bitchu, Mimasaka, and Hoki to him, and withdrew his troops, leaving the conquest of Chugoku unfinished. Hideyoshi then accepted the Mori's request for the cession of the territory, and designated the area west of the Takahashi River in Nishi-Hoki and Bitchu as Mori territory, and in 1583 the Mori clan accepted this and became subordinate to Hideyoshi.

[Makoto Tatehana]

"Hyogo Prefecture History Volume 3" (1977, Hyogo Prefecture)"Japan's War History: The China Campaign" edited by the General Staff (1979, Murata Shoten)"The Life of Mori Terumoto, by Watanabe Seisuke" (1982, Matsuno Shoten)

[Reference] | Takamatsu Castle Water Siege

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1577年(天正5)以降、織田信長が毛利輝元(もうりてるもと)の勢力圏である中国地方に対し行った侵攻戦。信長と毛利氏は、但馬(たじま)・播磨(はりま)(ともに兵庫県)の西側を境として、表面上は友好関係を維持してきたが、1576年、信長が石山本願寺(いしやまほんがんじ)(大阪市)攻めを開始すると、毛利氏は、淡路岩屋(あわじいわや)城(兵庫県淡路市)を占拠し、信長軍を撃破して本願寺を救援、翌1577年には播磨へ侵入した。このため信長は、羽柴(はしば)(豊臣(とよとみ))秀吉を指揮官に任じ中国征伐を開始、秀吉は、播磨、但馬を転戦し上月(こうづき)城(兵庫県佐用(さよう)町)などを攻略した。1578年、播磨三木(みき)城(三木市)主別所長治(べっしょながはる)、摂津有岡(せっつありおか)城(伊丹(いたみ)市)主荒木村重(むらしげ)が信長に離反したが、1579年、備前(びぜん)の宇喜多(うきた)氏、東伯耆(ひがしほうき)の南条(なんじょう)氏が信長に帰順し、有岡城も落城、丹波(たんば)、丹後(たんご)も明智光秀(あけちみつひで)によって平定された。1580年、別所長治を滅亡させた秀吉は、播磨一向一揆(いっこういっき)の拠点英賀(あが)(姫路市)を占拠して一揆を解体し、播磨を平定すると、姫路城(姫路市)を修築して居城とした。また弟秀長(ひでなが)によって但馬が平定されると、1581年、因幡(いなば)鳥取城(鳥取市)を攻略し、同年淡路を平定、1582年、毛利水軍の伊予来嶋(いよくるしま)氏を帰順させ、備中高松(びっちゅうたかまつ)城(岡山市北区高松)を水攻めにして、救援に駆けつけた毛利氏と対峙(たいじ)した。信長も、自ら中国・四国平定のため出陣したが、京都本能寺(ほんのうじ)で光秀の謀反により自害する。この飛報を得た秀吉は、高松城主清水宗治(しみずむねはる)の切腹と、毛利領国のうち備中、美作(みまさか)、伯耆三か国の割譲を条件に講和を締結し、兵を撤収、中国征伐は未完に終わった。その後秀吉は、領国割譲に関する毛利側の要請をいれ、西伯耆・備中高梁(たかはし)川以西を毛利領として画定し、1583年、毛利氏もこれを受諾して以後秀吉に従属した。

[舘鼻 誠]

『『兵庫県史 第3巻』(1977・兵庫県)』『参謀本部編『日本戦史 中国役』(1979・村田書店)』『渡辺世祐著『毛利輝元卿伝』(1982・マツノ書店)』

[参照項目] | 高松城水攻め

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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