In medieval Europe, especially in Germany, peace laws were enacted to maintain peace within a territory. There were local peace laws and Imperial peace laws depending on the territory, but the latter are more important. The Imperial peace laws were established based on the system of the divine peace and divine truce, and included provisions to limit or prohibit feuds, compulsory settlement by court, and criminal sanctions for violators, and had a great influence on the development of criminal law and state systems in medieval society. The main peace laws were the first Imperial peace laws, Henry IV's Peace Edict (1103), Frederick II's two Great Peace Edicts (1235), and in particular the last peace law, Maximilian I's Edict of Perpetual Peace (1495), which is known for its complete and permanent prohibition of feuds. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
中世ヨーロッパ,特にドイツでの領域内の平和 (治安) 維持のための協定ないし法律。領域に応じて地方ラント平和令と帝国ラント平和令とがあるが,重要なのは後者である。帝国ラント平和令は神の平和,神の休戦の制度にならい制定されたもので,フェーデ (私闘) の制限ないし禁止規定,裁判による和解の強制,違反者に対する刑事的制裁規定を含み,中世社会の刑事法制および国制の発達に大きな影響を与えた。主要なものに最初の帝国ラント平和令であるハインリヒ4世の平和令 (1103) ,フリードリヒ2世の2つの大平和令 (1235) ,特に最後の平和令であるマクシミリアン1世の永久平和令 (1495) はフェーデを全面的かつ永久的に禁止したものとして知られる。
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